Effectiveness of Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) Metal Uptake by Water Spinach (Ipomea reptans Poir), Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea L.), and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Polluted Metal Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) Soil with Addition of Manure

• Main Author: Rahmah Husnul Khotimah, Siti
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/39860
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Metals with a density of more than 5 g / cm3 categorize as environmental pollutants. Metal’s concentration in soil can be reduced by planting ‘metal binding’ plants (hyperaccumulator plants) through the phytoremediation process. This study aims to determine the growth of water spinach (Ipomea reptans Poir), mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on soil that contaminated by lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) metal, thus adding manure and determine the uptake effectiveness of Pb and Cu metal by water spinach, mustard greens, and alfalfa. The research was carried out in Screen House A3 at Jatinangor Campus of ITB for one month. The design that was used ‘Completely Randomized Design’ consisted of 3 treatments (kale, mustard greens, alfalfa) and 6 replications (18 polybags in total). Each polybag has 5 plants. The observation parameters included plant height, the number of leaves, root length, and biomass from dry stem and root, also the concentration of Pb and Cu metal in soil and plants. The results showed that the growth rates of water spinach, mustard greens, and alfalfa are 1,2 cm/day, 0,57 cm/day, and 1,04 cm/day respectively. The average growth rates of leaves number of water spinach, mustard greens and alfalfa sequentially are 1,02 strands/day, 0,27 strands/day, and 3,51 strands/day. The average root lengths of water spinach, mustard greens, and alfalfa sequentially are 18,03 cm, 11,98 cm, and 6,51 cm, the average dry stem biomass of water spinach, mustard greens and alfalfa respectively are 3,17 g/plant, 3,6 g/plant, and 0,31 g/plant, as well as the average dry root biomass of water spinach, mustard greens, and alfalfa sequentially are 0,49 g/plant, 0,08 g/plant, and 0,02 g/plant. The reducing effectiveness of Pb metal by water spinach, mustard greens, and alfalfa based on bioremediation index sequentially are 99,1%, 98,8%, and 98,8%. Futhermore, the reducing effectiveness of Cu metal by water spinach, mustard greens, and alfalfa based on index sequential bioremediation are 96,9%, 90,4%, and 94,1%. Plants with the highest effectiveness in reducing levels of Pb and Cu metal is water spinach.