OPTIMASI FORMULA NANOPARTIKEL GENTAMISIN SULFAT DALAM KITOSAN TERKONJUGASI ACEMANNAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE STATISTIKA BOX-BEHNKEN

• Main Author: Nurhaliza, Vina
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/40441
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Gentamicin is a hydrophilic antibiotic with limited penetration to mammalian cells, so that having low antibacterial effect against intracellular infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus. It was developed a nanoparticle formula employing chitosan (CS) conjugated with acemannan (Ace) to overcome the low entrapment of gentamicin due to positive charges that results in the rejection force among them. The CS-Ace conjugate was made from chitosan: acemannan: sodium borohydrate (NaBH4) at the ratio of 6: 0.5: 4. The nanoparticles was prepared by an ionotropic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Formula was optimized to obtain CS-Ace nanoparticles at the size of 200-400 nm and a high entrapment and loading efficiency of gentamicin sulphate. The optimization was performed using Box-Behnken surface response method with 3 factors, namely: the concentration of CS-Ace conjugate, STPP ratio to CS, and duration of sonication. The optimum formula consisted of gentamicin 400 mg, CS-Ace conjugate 338.5 mg, and STPP ratio to CS 0.44 in 10 ml aquadeion; which was sonicated for 89 seconds. The nanoparticles had the size 320 ± 9.21 nm with polydispersity index 0,37±0,03, entrapment efficiency 59.2 ± 1.44% and drug loading 20.1 ± 3.17% with errors of 3.57%, 2.91%, and 8.21%, respectively. The potential zeta of nanoparticles was -3.32 mV with similar release profiles of gentamicin at pH 7.4 and 5.2. Antibacterial activity against extracellular S. aureus was maintained after the encapsulation as indicated by the similarity of the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration between solution and gentamicin nanoparticles. The gentamicin encapsulated within CS-Ace nanoparticle formula is a promising candidate for the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections.