ISOLASI SENYAWA PENGHAMBAT ENZIM TIROSINASE RIMPANG KUNCI PEPET (Kaempferia rotunda L.)

• Main Author: Imarizani Firadita, Deandra
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/40481
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Round-rooted galangal (Kaempferia rotunda L.) is plant that widely used by Indonesian people as a traditional medicine. Rhizome of round-rooted galangal also known to have an ability in inhibiting tyrosinase activity. This study aims to determine the activity of extract, fraction and essential oil of round-rooted galangal in inhibiting tyrosinase and to isolate, characterize, identify tyrosinase inhibitory compound. The crude drug powder was divided into two groups that were crude drug which directly extraction and crude drug without the essential oil. The crude drug was separated from the essential oil and extracted by reflux method using ethanol. Ethanol extract was monitored by thin layer chromatography. Fractionation was carried out by liquid-liquid extraction method using increasing polarity solvents such as n-hexane and ethyl acetate, then the fractions were monitored using thin layer chromatography. Subfractionation was done by centrifugal thin layer chromatography. The chosen subfraction was purified using preparative thin layer chromatography. Purity test was carried out by thin layer chromatography with three different mobile phases, so the isolate D was obtained. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of isolate D was obtained by determining the IC50 value based on Masuda’s method. Isolate D was characterized using specific spray reagents and thin layer chromatography-spectrophotodensitometry. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was conducted by determining the IC50 value. Direct extract, extract without essential oil, essential oil, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction had IC50 were 1331.19; 2408.85; 33.70; 388.95; 1546.36; and 3104.30 µg/mL, respectively, while isolate D 98.66 µg/mL. Isolate D showed maximum wavelength of 254 nm and 327 nm. The essential oil has a stronger activity in inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme than the total ethanol extract and ethanol extract without essential oil, with heptadecane and benzyl benzoate as major compounds. N-hexane fraction which contains essential oil gave the strongest activity compared to ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction. The isolate was non essential oil compound has a strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity and predicted to be a flavonoid group which was flavone.