USING INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY EMBODIED ENERGY ON LOW AND MIDDLE CLASS APARTMENT DESIGNS

• Main Author: Dwika Reztrie, Noveryna
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Arsitektur
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/41652
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Building materials use in the construction industry in Indonesia has increased annually. The impact of building construction is quite significant on environmental damage, especially related to energy use. The use of energy from building construction is directly proportional to the carbon emissions produced. One of the building construction activities that is mostly done is apartment development. Apartment development in Indonesia is projected to be dominated by low and middle class apartment. The increasing number of low and middle class apartment developments is responsible for an increase in building material needs. Energy efficiency needed as an anticipative action of environmental damage that is getting worse in the future. The role of architects is very important in anticipating the environmental impacts of the apartment construction activity since the design stage. Some research related to energy use in the initial embodied energy phase of an apartment development have been done, but it is still lack of research with the apartment development in Indonesia as the case study. This research was conducted to identify the value of embodied energy in the design of low and middle class apartments in Indonesia. Energy measurement is limited to intial embodied energy. Measurement of embodied energy is carried out quantitatively by calculating the amount of energy and emissions released in low and middle class apartment construction projects through input-output (I-O) analysis. This method is considered as the most sensitive and complete method on measuring building energy and emissions at the initial embodied energy stage for case studies in Indonesia. Simulations were carried out on 6 apartment cases located in 3 major cities in Indonesia (Bandung, Jakarta and Bekasi). This research found that building design can affect energy use in low and middle class apartment buildings. Determination of material volume, building height, material selection, the use of modular systems could influence the energy reduction. In addition, this study underlines the importance of construction waste, since this study found a significant impact of construction waste on energy and carbon emissions. The results of this study are still limited to the scope of initial embodied energy, so the results obtained have not been as large as the environmental impact of the entire life cycle. Further research can be carried out to test the accuracy of the value of the embodied energy obtained and to complete the data in the scope of other life cycles by expanding the scope of the study, adding the number of case studies and using another analytical methods.