SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHENE DERIVED FROM BATTERY WASTE USING ELECTROCHEMICAL EXFOLIATION IN POLY(SODIUM 4-STYRENESULFONATE) SOLUTION
There is an urgent need to solve and utilize the growing amount of battery waste. Other studies have succeded for utilizing graphite taken from battery waste as a source of graphene material. However, toxic electrolyte like is still used as a common medium for the synthesis. Furthermore, the high va...
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| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/41776 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | There is an urgent need to solve and utilize the growing amount of battery waste. Other studies have succeded for utilizing graphite taken from battery waste as a source of graphene material. However, toxic electrolyte like is still used as a common medium for the synthesis. Furthermore, the high value of defect ratio in graphene obtained indicate that graphene quality is still low. In this experiment, high quality and environmentally friendly graphene synthesis will be carried out with the utilize of graphite taken from battery waste. The used graphite extracted from battery waste is exfoliated into graphene using electrochemical exfoliation (ECE) method in poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) solution. DC voltage and PSS concentration will be varied to produce graphene with the quality and quantity as good as posible. DC voltage will be varied by 3 V, 5 V, and 8 V. In other hand, PSS concentration will be varied by 0,001 M; 0,02 M; 0,1 M; and 0,5 M. The effect of the applied voltage and PSS concentration on the quantity and quality of the graphene are investigated in details. UV Vis and Raman spectroscopy measurements confirm the formation of graphene, while transmission electron microscope (TEM) images show graphene that consists of several layers. Graphene with the best quantity and quality is obtained from the synthesis using 5 V of DC voltage and 0,5 M of PSS solution. This variation is able to produce high quality graphene with low defect ratio ( of about 0,86. Furthermore, such synthesis parameters can be used to make graphene thin film with the sheet resistance (Rs) as low as 1,1 k?/sq. The presented work contributes to the optimization of graphene synthesis via electrochemical exfoliation method and the utilization of battery waste.
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