ANALYSIS OF LRT AND TRANSIT-BASED AREA DEVELOPMENT ON SPATIAL STRUCTURE IN BEKASI CITY

• Main Author: Apriyenson, Hoki
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/42034
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Bekasi, one of the cities in West Java province, is aimed to be developed into a Pusat Kegiatan Wilayah (PKW/Regional Activity Center). The city also plays a role as a buffer zone for DKI Jakarta, which encounters various challenges and problems regarding transportation along with the internal and regional development pace of economic, social, and culture. The economic growth leads with the fact that Bekasi is preferred for residential area by many workers who work in Jakarta. In consequence, it affects the movement patterns and classification within the city. High intensity pressure in commuting to downtown Jakarta happens daily and reaches the top in peak hours in the morning and in the afternoon, which estimated to be up to twenty-one spots of congestion. Some of the causes are (i) high volume of the vehicles in Bekasi is incomparable with the available road, (ii) public transportation in Bekasi cannot properly serve accordingly with public transportation route hierarchy concept, (iii) lack of shelter facilities for Angkutan Perbatasan Terintegrasi Busway (APTB/Bus Rapid Transit Feeder) and (iv) park and ride for public transportation is not available. Therefore, various development policies for the sake of national interest (particularly Jakarta) are developed in Bekasi to which the government is accelerating the development of mass public transportation. One of them is Light Rail Transit (LRT) network system development. The development is already cited on the revision of spatial plan of Bekasi City in 2011-2031 (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW)). In Bekasi, it will be served with five stations namely (i) Jaticempaka Station (ii) Cikunir Station (iii) Cikunir II Station (iv) Bekasi Barat Station (v) Bekasi Timur Station. However, if it is conceived based on existing condition and development plans cited on certain spatial plans (RTRW of Bekasi, RDTR of Bekasi), transportation plans (RIT of Bekasi), and RPJMD of Bekasi, the development of Bekasi TOD could not sufficiently support to become proper transit-based area as stated on Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning Regulation No. 16/2017 concerning Pedoman Pengembangan Kawasan Berorientasi Transit (Guideline on Transit oriented Regional Developement). The five stations may serve as the TOD area if the requirements of Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning Regulation can be met. Therefore, this research tries to study the conformity between the development of LRT and TOD based on 6 (six) requirements on the article 6 Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning Regulation No. 16/2017 and compile the potential implication of LRT and transitiv based area development to the spatial structure of Bekasi. The 5 (five) LRT station will be analyzed using six parameters, they are (i) rail-based high capacity of mass public transportation system transit knot (ii) requirements of intermodal and antarmoda transit (iii) short range transit and one long range transit (iv) in line with the trend of activity center development (v) lowest disaster level and mitigation to eliminate the impact of disaster (vi) disturb no national significant installation area. The methods used are descriptive analysis and formal evaluative analysis. As the result of the analysis, only three out of five LRT stations that are potential to be developed as a TOD area, namely Cikunir II Station, Bekasi Barat Station and Bekasi Timur Station. Jaticempaka Station and Cikunir II Station are not fit to be developed as TOD, since they meet only 3 requirements of location determination as stated on the article 7 Permen (Minister Decree) ATR no.16/2017. In order to be included in TOD, the three potential stations should fulfill the requirements cited on the Permen ATR No.16/2017, including: (i) building drop off and park and ride area, (ii) developing connectivity between intermodal and antarmoda with the surrounding area by providing pedestrian sidewalk, bike way, and feeder to connect TOD radius area with the LRT station, (iii) improving the quality of highway network, (iv) building bus shelter as a transit knot for transportation changing to the LRT station, and (v) improving the population density. The three potential stations to be TOD will impact the spatial structure of Bekasi. Therefore, city-scaled activity centers need to be restructured and accommodated with the effective development to contribute optimal impacts to urban form. This research found that none of the stations fulfill the requirement of location criteria as cited in Permen ATR No.16/2017. However, three LRT stations are potential to be developed as a TOD area, namely Cikunir II Station, Bekasi Barat Station and Bekasi Timur Station. Due to the existence of TOD point, city-scaled activity centers need to be restructured to allow some transformations of activity function, through (i) Cikunir II TOD will transform into a new activity center, from neighborhood service center to sub-urban service center, (ii) Bekasi Timur TOD was formerly the outer skirt of the city center but after TOD, it will be urban service center, and (iii) Bekasi Barat TOD will not have a significant transformation since it already in the urban service center. Besides, new activity centers are not accommodated (in this case, the TOD location) in the revision of spatial plans (RTRW of Bekasi period of 2011-2031, RDTR 2011- 2031) and Bekasi Transportation Masterplan.