PRODUCTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH AS SUPERCAPACITOR MATERIAL
The production of palm oil in Indonesia is increasing every year. Along with the increase in production, the waste generated by the palm oil mill also increases. Waste from palm oil production is abundant biomass resources that can be used as raw material for high value-added products. One of the...
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| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/42557 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | The production of palm oil in Indonesia is increasing every year. Along with the
increase in production, the waste generated by the palm oil mill also increases. Waste
from palm oil production is abundant biomass resources that can be used as raw
material for high value-added products. One of the products from the utilization of oil
palm biomass waste is activated carbon. Activated carbon is a material that can be used
in various applications. Activated carbon is commonly used as adsorbents, catalysts
support, and energy storage. The characteristic of activated carbon with high surface
area and porosity and good conductivity is suitable as supercapacitor electrode
material.
Activated carbon production consists of carbonization and activation. The
carbonization process can be carried out by hydrothermal carbonization. Hydrothermal
carbonization is a process carried out with aqueous media in a pressurized reactor at a
lower temperature than the pyrolysis process. This research focused on the production
of activated carbon from the empty fruit bunch by hydrothermal carbonization process
using KOH, CaCl2, and ZnCl2 as activating agents. Ratio of raw material: activating
agent: water is 1:2:3. Hydrothermal carbonization was carried out at 275°C for an
hour. Furthermore, hydrochar was activated at a temperature of 800°C in the presence
of CO2 for 2 hours. The surface of activated carbon was modified with 1 M and 6 M
HNO3. Activated carbon is applied as an electrode of the EDLC type supercapacitor.
Activated carbon with CaCl2 as an activating agent (AC-Ca) produces pore sizes in the
mesopore range, while the pore size of activated carbon with KOH (AC-KOH) and
ZnCl2 (AC-Zn) is in the micropore range. The specific capacitance of supercapacitors
for AC-Ca, AC-Zn, and AC-KOH was 28.16 F/g, 14.76 F/g, and 5.57 F/g, respectively.
Surface modification of activated carbon with HNO3 increases the hydrophilicity of
activated carbon and decreases the surface area and pore size of the activated carbon.
This modification also decreases the specific capacitance of supercapacitor cells.
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