MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF REAR-DRIVEN ELECTRIC BUS WITH REGENERATIVE BRAKING
One of the biggest sources of emissions comes from exhaust emissions. To reduce the amount of vehicle exhaust emissions, several things have been done such as maximum exhaust emissions from each vehicle and changing the type of fuel as in Transjakarta. Another thing that can be done is to change the...
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| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/42964 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | One of the biggest sources of emissions comes from exhaust emissions. To reduce the amount of vehicle exhaust emissions, several things have been done such as maximum exhaust emissions from each vehicle and changing the type of fuel as in Transjakarta. Another thing that can be done is to change the intended vehicle into an electric vehicle. Electric vehicles are vehicles that use electric power, generally sourced from batteries, as a source of energy for moving. Because it does not use a combustion engine, electric vehicles become more environmentally friendly. However, several things still need to be developed from electric vehicles. Electric vehicles that exist today still involve prospective users or better known as range anxiety. Potential electric vehicle users are worried about the mileage that can be obtained by electric vehicles. This is because electric vehicles can only carry a limited amount of electrical energy in batteries. To increase the mileage of electric vehicles, a battery development system and an energy enhancing system are researched. One of the systems for enhancing electrical energy in electric vehicles is a regenerative braking system.
Regenerative braking is a way to harvest electrical energy from braking mechanism on electric vehicles. However, the amount of electrical energy that can be recovered is limited to the specifications of the electric motor used. This causes the braking system of electric vehicles need to use a braking system that combined regenerative braking and friction braking. Braking system control can be used to maximize the use of regenerative braking systems. Braking system control is expected to be able to maintain the stability of the braking system and still be able to recover a lot of energy.
To overcome this problem, researcher conducted research on the use of various types of braking control systems. The braking control system being compared is a parallel, serial and modification braking control system. Modified braking control system is a control system that was developed from a serial control system because previous research shows that the serial braking control system gets the energy recovered and the stability of the braking system is better than the parallel braking control system. The comparison of the braking control system is carried out using the energy flow model on the electric bus which is made using Matlab/Simulink. Several driving cycles are used to see the difference in recovering energy from the three braking control systems. The driving cycle used is based on the corridor 1 Tranjakarta (Kota—Blok M) and WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure). The measurements of speed, distance, and elevation in Transjakarta corridor 1 were collected using the Android-based OsmAnd and Speedometer GPS-based. The specifications of the electric buses used for simulation are Medium BYD C6 Electric Bus and Medium ITB Electric Bus.
Before the simulation is carried out, validation of the energy flow model in Matlab/Simulink is carried out. The validation of the energy flow model uses the static and dynamic test results of two BYD electric buses, namely the Single K9 type and the Medium C6 type. The validation results show that the differences obtained from the use of the model show varying results from each cycle. The error value for static test of the BYD C6 Medium electric bus is 0.05%. The average error value for dynamic test of BYD C6 Medium electric bus is 34.4%. The average error value for the dynamic test of the BYD K9 Single electric bus is 13.9%. This great value of differences is because some of the BYD K9 Single and BYD C6 Medium electric bus specifications data used are assumption data due to lack of information about BYD electric bus specifications. In addition, the difference is quite far also due to the assumed driving cycle that is different from the original conditions. However, the response of the model to input data is quite good where the data output goes up and down along with the output of dynamic test results. Therefore, the model used is valid enough to estimate the energy consumption of the electric bus.
Furthermore, simulation of the model is performed to see the comparison of the three types of braking control systems, namely parallel, serial, and modification. Simulation results show that the use of a modified braking control system produces the most recovered energy compared to the other two control systems. Modification braking control system produces the most recovered energy by 25.5% in which the serial strategy is 15.3% and parallel is 8.3%. While the maximum use of regenerative braking is 42.6% of 27.5kWh the braking energy, can be recovered. So, the researchers conclude that the modified control system produces the most recovered energy.
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