Evaluation of Biomass Growth Efficiency on Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) Double Haploid Embryo Using Twin-Flask Temporary Immersion System Bioreactor

• Main Author: Ayu Shafiranisa, Auliana
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/43127
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var annuum) is one of important commodities, especially as food. In Indonesia, the demand for chili pepper has an increasing trend, thus encouraging an increase in demand for high-quality chili seeds. Supena (2006) has produced homozygous superior seedlings through double haploid technology in aseptic conditions. The production of double haploid chili plants is carried out in small-volume containers, and when it used in mass production, it will have high production costs. One way to scaling up crop production is to use Twin-flask bioreactor. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of Twin-flask bioreactors on the growth and development of chili pepper embryos. The embryo was cultured in two systems namely double layer and Twin-flask system. The double-layer system was used as a control. Cultures in Twin-flask bioreactor were regulated by variations of immersion (1) 1 minute every 4 hours and (2) 1 minute every 8 hours. Cultivation was carried out for 21 days. Lighting conditions per day: 7h of fluorescence white lamp, 5 h of red-blue LED(4:1) and 12h in dark. The results showed that the percentage of fresh weight gain in the double layer system, Twin-flask 4h, and Twin-flask 8h was 10.2%, 67.6%, and 55.1% respectively, while for dry weight was 12.8%, 89.6%, and 37.1% . The use of Twin-flask bioreactors produced a higher percentage of fresh and dry weight compared to the double layer system. Immersion frequency every 8h induced normal-morphological-embryos into plantlets. In the immersion every 4 hours there was no conversion of normal embryos into plantlets, however, it was more efficient in converting the culture medium into biomass. Immersion every 4 hours maintained viability in abnormal-morphological-embryos compared to immersion every 8 hours. Conversion efficiency of medium into biomass in the twin-flask immersion bioreactor every 4 and 8 hours was 1.63 and 0.90 grams of biomass / L medium.day respectively. Immersion every 4 hours was more efficient in consuming medium. Mass balance calculation of Twin-flask bioreactor system was approached with the molecular formula of Atropa belladonna's root biomass. The calculation result poduced a higher biomass value than the actual value. The mass balance calculation has an error of 6-40% of the actual value, so the use of the bioconversion equation for the growth of chili pepper embryo needs to be reviewed to obtain more representative results.