EFEK PENURUNAN SUHU UDARA OLEH TIGA JENIS POHON: ANGSANA (Pterocarpus indicus (L.) Willd), MAHONI (Swietenia machrophylla (L.) Jacq.). DAN TREMBESI (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.) DI KOTA BANDUNG

• Main Author: Ihsan, Fattreza
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/43205
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Urban Heat Island (UHI) has been detected in Bandung since 2001 and it can be mitigated by planting trees such as Pterocarpus indicus (angsana), Swietenia macrophylla (mahoni), and Samanea saman (trembesi). This research was conducted to measure temperature reduction by those road side trees at seven locations. Parameters were tree characteristics including shape and area of canopy, Plant Area Index (PAI), and leaf morphology (form, phyllotaxy, and size), air temperature, relative air humidity, transmissivity, and soil temperature. Microclimate and edaphic data were measured in sunny or partly cloudy. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test) to clarify significance differences among parameters in each tree species and reduction of discomfort index (dDI%) was measured. Air temperature in open area is 33.81±2.32oC, while soil temperature is 37.29±6.63oC. Result shows that trees have varies ability to decrease air and soil temperature. The highest reduction of air and soil temperature is shown by S. saman (3.80±1.21oC and 10.49±2.84oC), then followed by S. macrophylla (3.10±1.94oC and 5.64±5.51oC), and P. indicus (2.28±1.73oC and 5.26±4.30oC). S. saman which has wide canopy with moderate leaf density (PAI=1,13m2/m2) has the most effective air and soil temperature reducing, followed by S. macrophylla with narrow canopy and high leaf density (PAI=1,66m2/m2); and P. indicus with narrow canopy with low leaf density (PAI=0,84m2/m2). The highest increase of air relative humidity is shown by S. saman (13.61%), then followed by S. macrophylla (4.51%), and P. indicus (3.16%). The lowest transmisivity is shown by S. saman (17.62%), then followed by S. macrophylla (20.33%), and P. indicus (22.53%). The highest dDI% is shown by S. saman (7.82%), then followed by S. macrophylla (7.36%), and P. indicus (5.35%). Thus, trees with broad canopy and dense leaves such as S. saman can be recommended as shade trees to mitigate UHI in urban areas.