GENDER ROLES IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS PROGRAM (MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS / MDGs) IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE

• Main Author: Nurani, Lulu
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/44713
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

In September 2000, a total of 189 United Nation (UN) member states agreed to adopt the Millennium Declaration which was then translated into a practical framework of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Consisting of 8 (eight) program that puts human development as the focus, MDGs has deadline until year 2015 and measurable progress indicators. For Indonesia, MDGs are used as a reference in the formulation of development policies and strategies that reflect Indonesia's commitment to improve the welfare of its people and contribute to the improvement of people's welfare. In the other side, there has been an intense debate among women's groups on how gender linkages with the MDGs. The increased understanding of gender equality does not always directly translate into gender equality in practice. Although in progress, the persistence of traditional gender roles and stereotypes are often reinforced by structural and/or institutional, inhibit women's empowerment. Specifically West Java Province has done the response to the national programs and the MDGs through the Medium Term of Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah/RPJMD) and through Governor Decree No. 50 of 2011 for the Regional Action Plan (Rencana Aksi Daerah/RAD) of MDGs. Gender roles in the achievement of MDGs in West Java will be seen through the achievement of the 3rd (third) MDGs program that related to Promote Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment. Furthermore, gender roles will also be seen through the optimization and transformation activities beyond woman's rights on their traditional nature which is reflected by the proportion of employment, particularly in the West Java provincial government agencies as a mandate recipient in designing Mainstreaming Gender (Pengarusutamaan Gender/PUG) programs and policies, as well as their responsibility for execution the MDGs as one of the national development program in West Java Province. Analysis results of the average progress of program achievement of the 3rd (third) MDGs in West Java Province for net enrollment ratio (Angka Partisipasi Murni/APM) indicator of Women on Men in various education level showed good progress with the overall average figure 99,49% for the APM ratio at elementary school level, 103.61% for the APM ratio at junior high school level, and 97.60% for the APM at senior high school level. For Ratio Literacy Rate (Angka Melek Huruf/AMH) indicator of Women on Men's Aged 15-24 Years show excellent progress by 100.02%. As for the involvement of women in the legislature in West Java Province shows, only Depok City which has a quota of women in institutions Regional Representatives Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah/DPRD) that reached 52%. Meanwhile, the other legislatures only fulfilled women's quota of less than 30%. Only vi Bandung District, Indramayu District and West Bandung District that are able to fulfill the quota of 25%, and the rest have a quota of under 25%. APM achievement disparity analysis results at various levels of education and AMH as an indicator of achievement of the MDGs to-3 in the Regency / City in West Java showed that, West Bandung District, Purwakarta District, and Cimahi City show the progress of gender equality that accompanied with the high role of women in making political decisions and better social life among other areas in West Java Province. This progress is accompanied by the number of the Gender Development Index (Indeks Pembangunan Gender/IPG), the Gender Empowerment Index (Indeks Pemberdayaan Gender/IDG), as well as the participation rates of women in the legislature parliament that are above the average rate among other regions. While the lower achievements of APM and AMH occurred in Tasikmalaya district, Bogor, and Kabupten Karawang. This shows that gender equality is lower accompanied with lower amount of IPG figures, IDG, and the rate of participation of women in the legislature parliament. In these areas also found some policies that are discriminatory against women. All of these figures shows the ability of women in West Java Province which is still low in taking the expansion of access to actualize herself on more complex responsibilities to involve in policy-making system and play a role in the development process. Their products gender discriminatory policy with a low level of gender equality shows that women's participation became one of the determinants in making policies that reflect concerns and perspectives of women accompanied with the high degree of sensitivity to face development issues.