?-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Aqueous and Ethanol Extract of some Plants from Zingiberaceae Family

• Main Author: Wahyu Setiyani, Ratih
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45083
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Diabetes is one of the leading chronic diseases in Indonesia which inspires researchers to study many different alternative treatments especially plant-based drugs. Indonesia is one of many countries that is has various species of plants which are not researched about. Research studies conducted on ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) showed that ginger is an ?-glucosidase as well as ?-amylase inhibitor of plant origin which was potential of carbohydrate digestion. Zingiberaceae family comprised of plants that were found to grow in many tropical areas all around the world. Plants tend to have chemical compounds of similar characteristics at the same taxonomic level. Hence, it was the underlying research on many other plant species from the Zingiberaceae family whereby the antidiabetes activity was not researched upon although plants from this family were commonly found in Indonesia. Hence, this research enabled the determination of plants with the best pharmacological activity enabling to be used traditionally in the management of diabetes mellitus. The sample tested from this study were ethanol extract as well as water extract of Curcuma longa, Curcuma mangga, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Zingiber montanum, and Zingiber zerumbet. Characterization of the herbal crude drugs comprises microscopic examination, determination of ash content, water and ethanol extractable matter, loss on drying, and water content. Phytochemical screening was then conducted in order to determine the chemical group present in the crude drugs. Extraction was carried out three times by using the reflux method. Water distillation method was applied to carry out the extraction of crude drug with technical ethanol whilst steam distillation to carry out the extraction of water extract. The ethanol extract was then concentrated with rotary evaporator whilst the water extract was dried by the freeze dry method that resulted in powder on the other hand. Determination of density and chromatogram using thin layer chromatography were conducted on the ethanol extract. The chromatogram pattern was determined by the thin layer chromatography method with the stationary phase silica gel GF254 and appropriately suitable mobile phases for each extract accordingly. The determination of water content was conducted by the azeotropic distillation method. Determination of percentage inhibition for water extract, ethanol extract, as well as acarbose against ?-amylase enzyme was carried out. The IC50 value of extract with highest inhibitory activity against ?-amylase was carried out. The microscopic examination whereby there were fragments identical to the Farmakope Herbal Indonesia which verified the true identity of the crude drug. Crude drugs of C. longa, C. mangga, C. xanthorrhiza, Z. montanum, and Z. zerumbet contain flavonoid, catechin tannin, quinone, steroid/triterpenoid, and saponin. Ethanol extract of Curcuma longa of 500 ppm had the highest activity compared to the other extract with the percentage inhibition of 93,32 ± 1,29%. The IC50 value of acarbose was 4.5085 ppm whilst the IC50 value of Curcuma longa extract was 61,7447 ppm. Inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of C. longa was low compared to the IC50 value of acarbose.