THE EFFECT OF SEASONAL CHANGE TO AIRBORNE BACTERIA IN BANDUNG CITY

• Main Author: Nur Hidayah, Kholilah
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Ilmu hayati ; Biologi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45089
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Evaluation of the air quality in Bandung city was focused on chemical elements and metal pollutant. The research about air quality on Bandung that is associated with the presence of biological material in particulate pollution has not been done yet. Bandung has a unique basin-like topography formed by mountains that surround it. This structure caused the pollution is trapped in the lowest ground. This study aims to determine the abundance and diversity of bacteria in the rainy and dry seasons, determine taxa which is dominant in each season, and to determine the meteorological factors that affect the structure of airborne bacteria. Airborne samples were taken in the rainy and dry season from 3 points with different heights sea level, Alun-Alun, Ganesha and Jatinangor during the day and night time. Environmental parameters are measured using Automatic Weather Station including wind direction, wind speed, relative humidity and temperature. The total bacterial abundance was calculated by qPCR 16S rRNA gene and the Total Plate Count method. Bacterial diversity was analyzed using metagenomic approach (Illumina MiSeq) and sanger sequencing. The bacterial abundance during the rainy season was higher than in the dry season (P <0.05). The highest bacterial abundance in rainy season observed at Ganesha night time (B-GM), it was 4.0×105 copies/m3 while in dry season it was 7.4×104 copies/m3 in the Ganesha day time (B-GS) sample. The TPC results showed that the abundance of colonies did not significantly different in rainy and dry seasons. The highest abundance of colonies during the rainy season obsereved in Jatinangor night time (JM) which was 9.4×104 CFU/m3, whereas in dry season in Alun-alun daytime (B-AS) which is 2.9×104 CFU/m3. In the rainy season, the diversity index of bacteria is low to moderate (0.14-1.90), high evenness index (> 0.6) and dominance index is low to moderate (0.09-0.40). In the dry season the diversity index is moderate (1.79-2.97), evenness index is low to moderate (0.04-0.54) and the dominance index is low to high (0.25-0.95). The bacteria diversity was grouped into 2 categories, the dry season and the rainy season bacteria. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant phyla in rainy and dry seasons. The abundance of pathogenic bacteria shows that in the rainy season was dominated by Pseudomonas (9.8×104 copies/m3). While in the dry season was dominated by Escherichia-Shigella (7.4×104 copies/m3). Temperature are negatively correlated with abundance and relative humidity which are positively correlated with bacterial abundance during the rainy season, whereas in the dry season it is proportional. Wind scale is positively correlated with abundance during two season. This research give the information about airborne bacteria profile in Bandung city during rainy and dry season.inversely