KAJIAN ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN AKIBAT PERKEMBANGAN INDUSTRI DI KABUPATEN DAERAH TINGKAT II PURWAKARTA, JAWA BARAT

• Main Author: Sahidin NJ., Didin
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/4509
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<p>Abstract:<p align=\"justify\"> <br /> <br /> The industrial development in the Purwakarta District, West Java, has been able to pick up its pace only since the beginning of the fifth five year development plan (PELITA V), particularly after the issuance of the Presidential Decree Number 53 of the 1989. The industrial development in the Purwakarta District has not been appropriately anticipated in the regional planning, both in its projected Basic Pattern of the Regional Development and in its Comprehensive Spatial Layout Planning, especially as regard the land allocation policy for the industries in the Kecamatan (Sub District) of Campaka. In order to be able to evaluate the industrial development in the Purwakarta District and its effects, this research has been conducted using the following two techniques. Firstly, by observing the answers on a quetionnaire from a total of 100 respondents, comprising former landowners who have sold their lands and have them conperted from farming into industrial estate. Secondly, by examining the relationships between the primary and secondary data to attain knowlegde of the economic impact of the land functional conversion.<p align=\"justify\"> <br /> Examination of the respondents\' answer has revealed that the total area of these 100 ex farmers\' lands converted/sold, amounts to 56.4328 hectares, of which 82 percent will be used - according to survey results - for industrial activities, 5 percent will be specified for restaurants, and the other 13 percent for diverse purposes, such as parking lots, warehouses, repair shops and a petrol filling station. About 75 percent of the respondents have mentioned as the reason for their willingness to sell their lands: the high purchase price offered by the prospective companies.<p align=\"justify\"> <br /> Results of the research have also indicated that about the benefits expected to be enjoyed by the respondents from the land use conversion, 67 percent of them mentioned the availability of employment opportunities, 27 percent have expected the possibilities to do some business othe than farming, and the remaining 6 percent have emphasized on the projected developmental improvements of the infra-structures, specifically the roads.<p align=\"justify\"> As regards the said employment opportunities, further investigation has shown that the absorption of the work force consisting of former landowners or their family members, amaunts to only about 14 percent. Thus, it has been made clear by this research that the conversion of farmlands into industrial locations may basically be of little help in absorbing the labor force originating from the farmers or their family members who have sold their lands. As a matter of fact, most of the new employees have been taken from people who have already worked in the industrial sector, or from those who are obviously not the ex landowners or their family members.<p align=\"justify\"> Forthermore, the respondents have also mentioned that the conversion of farming into industrial estates may bring about negative consequences. In fact, percent of the respondents have pointed out environmental pollution. Of these 23 percent - after more deliberate interviewing - 13.04 percent have mentioned as air pollution the smell of sulphur, 60.87 percent have told about liquid wastes, and the remaining 26.09 percent have experienced hearing pollution (unpleasant noises).<p align=\"justify\"> <br /> A study by examining the secondary data has shown that the total land area that has been and will be converted in the Purwakarta District has increases with the expanding industrial drive to 4,047.15 hectares, to which must be added the area needed for housing, restaurants, tourism business, repair shops, parking lots, and petrol filling stations, about 2,160 hectares.<p align=\"justify\"> The converted lands have all been former agricultural land in the broader sense, comprising 2,317.15 hectares food produce yielding lands, 1,000 hectares of lands of the State owned Forestry Company, and 1,040 hectares of Plantation Estate lands. The remaining 1,850 hectares are lands adjacent to the Jatiluhur dammed watermass<p align=\"justify\"> , to be used for tourism activities. <br /> The beneficial effects of the land use conversion for the Purwakarta District Government include the increase of its Original Regional Revenues amounting to billion rupiah over the Pelita V period, resulted from charges for the Building Erection Permit, Plant Site Permit, and Land Use/Assignment Advice. On the other hand, the District Government has to appropiate funds amounting funds to the amount of 5 billion rupiah for the building and improvements of roads and bridges.<p align=\"justify\"> <br /> If all the above lands had been converted into industrial sites, the direct implication would involve the loss of revenues received from the farming sector which had netted an average of 14 billion rupiah annually. This loss might be compensated by the net revenues collected from the industrial sector amounting to 3.6 trillion rupiah, calculated according to the companies\' profits, with the assumption that these profits were averagely of the same level as the Bank\'s rate, which is 18 percent annually for year 1995, multiplied by the entire invesment, i.e. approximately 20 trillion rupiah. Based on these data it wuold be easy to deduce that the conversion of farm lands into industrial sites could bring in additional incomes into the Regency Government\'s coffers of about 3.586 trillion rupiah yearly.<p align=\"justify\"> <br /> This research has been intended to describe the impact of the conversion of land function brought about by the industrial development in the Purwakarta District in its entirety, but owing to various limitations the results of this study have to remain incomplete, particularly which concerns the still unknown effects of this land use conversion on the farmers and their family members who previously worked these lands but who have now become landless. The probability is that if they are not employed in the industrial sector, then they have lost their livelihood or have to look for other jobs elsewhere. Therefore, to learn about all of the effects of the land use conversion, further research will be needed.<p align=\"justify\"> <br /> From the above discussion it may be concluded that the industrial development in the Purwakarta District has, generally speaking, positive effects. True, there are some negative consequences, particularly the environmental pollution and some part of the ex farmers\' loss of their means of support, yet they are not of the unsurmountable kinds, and may be offset by the increase of the Purwakarta District\'s revenues resulted from the industrial sector. <br /> <br />