FORMULATION OF GEL AND NANOEMULSION-BASED GEL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Nauclea subdita (Korth) Steud. CORTEX EXTRACT AGAINTS Propionibacterium acnes

• Main Author: Fitriana, Mia
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45237
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Nauclea subdita (Bangkal) is a Borneo's indigenous plant that are empirically effective as an anti acne. However, there has never been any study determining its use as anti acne. Direct use of the cortex’s powder is impractical and inconvenient, therefore formulation of carrier is needed. Antimicrobial properties of nanoemulsion are resulted by the nanosize of oil particles, which powerfully fused and subsequently disrupted the membrane of isolated prokaryotic cells, viruses, and eukaryotic cells of fungi. The objectives of this study were formulate the cortex extract of bangkal as gel and nanoemulgel dosage forms which have good stability and an elegant appearance and investigated their activity in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Hence, potential development of this plant in the pharmaceutical industry is acceptable. The cortex was extracted by Soxleth technique using ethanol. Extracts were characterized and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth microdilution method CLSI (2004). HPMC, Viscolam SMC 20, and Carbopol 940 have been selected as suitable base. Extracts were formulated in the form of gels and nanoemulsion-based gels (nanoemulgel) and their activity were tested by agar diffusion method. The chosen gel and nanoemulgel were evaluated their physical stability, biological stability, and acute dermal irritation. The extract yield was 6.141 % w/w. The MIC of the ethanol extract of the bangkal cortex was 0.091 % w/v. The ratio of oil, surfactant, cosurfactant as the best vehicle of the extract was 1 : 8 : 1 for Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) : Cremophor RH40 : ethanol respectively. The formulated nanoemulsion was capable carrying 25 mg of extract. 5 % of HPMC base was selected as a gel base of the extract and Viscolam SMC 20 20 % was selected as the nanoemulgel base of the extract. Nanoemulgel with 1 % concentration of the extract was able to inhibit the growth of P. acnes, while a dosage form, it concentration about 6%. Statistically, with same extract concentration, the gel with Viscolam SMC 30 base and nanoemulgel with the same base showed a significant difference (p < 0,05). While the gel with HPMC base and nanoemulgel at the same concentration showed no significant difference (p > 0,05). Aesthetically, compared with gel, nanoemulgel preparation is more appealing than gel due to its clear appearance. The result of irritation test showed gel and nanoemulgel did not caused irritation. Extracts with nanoemulgel form gave smaller MIC values (1 %) compared to the gel form (6 %). The 6 % gel and 1 % nanoemulgel bangkal cortex extract can be used as an alternative acne treatment which effective and do not caused irritation.