DEVELOPMENT OF SYNBIOTIC FEED SUPPLEMENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BACTERIAL COMMUNITY AND METABOLOME PROFILE OF WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei)

• Main Author: Nurwidayanti, Puri
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45344
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei have emerged as the main species from the aquaculture sector especially in the South East Asia which the amount of production reaching 77% from the total. However, losses the production process of aquaculture industry due to shrimp death caused by viruses or pathogenic bacteria are still an obstacle. This research was carried out to develop synbiotic feed and to see the effect of synbiotic supplementation (Kappaphycus alvarezii, Spirulina sp, Halomonas alkaliphila dan Bacillus cereus) on feed on survival, growth, physiological profile of the instestinal bacterial community and metabolite profile of L. vannamei. This research was conducted in four stages, there were: (1) production and synbiotic feed formulation; (2) symbiotic feed performance test and monitoring growth parameters at grow-out stage of L. vannamei for 60 days. (3) physiological profile analysis of bacterial community using Biolog EcoPlateTM, and (4) metabolomics analysis of shrimp using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Synbiotic feed with a composition of 99.45% commercial feed, 0.375% K. alvarezii, 0.125% Spirulina sp., and H. alkaliphila 109 CFU/kg (H synbiotic) and B. cereus 108 CFU/kg (B synbiotic) was successfully formulated and produced. The results of feed performance showed that synbiotic feed successfully increased shrimp survival (22 - 33%) and average weight of shrimp (22 - 25%). Synbiotic feed produced a shrimp percentage survival rate of 62.29 ± 0.08 and the average weight of shrimp 6.95 ± 0.81grams was higher and significantly different (p<0.05) compared to the control with percentage survival rate 30.83 ± 0.04 and average weight 5.29 ± 0.28 grams. The intestinal bacterial community of L. vannamei with synbiotic (B and H) produced microbial physiological profiles using amino acid substrate groups (AWCD: 1.34 ± 0.64) such as L-treonine, L-arginine and polymers (AWCD: 1.73 ± 0.28) such as tween40 and ?-Cyclodextrin higher and significantly different (p<0.05) compared to controls (AWCD: 0.64 ± 0.59), (AWCD: 1.12 ± 0.69). Metabolomic analysis successfully identified 69 metabolites consisting of amino acids, dipeptides, sugar molecules, organic acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides. The Principal Component Analysis shows samples of synbiotic shrimp (B and H) was clustered separately from the control (C). The determinant parameter of metabolites in the synbiotic shrimp groups are valine, psicose+tagatose, leucine, trehalose, and fructose 6-phosphate. The metabolites which are more positively correlated with the synbiotic sample include the role of fitness, such as threonine, isoleucine, tryptophan, serine, proline, asparagine, and leusine, firmness such as proline, freshness such as malic acid and fumaric acid, and taste such as glutamic acid, proline and psicose+tagatose. From this study, it is known that synbiotic feed B and H can improve survival and growth at grow-out stage, effectiveness of feed use (carbon substrate) and metabolite profile which play a role in the quality of white shrimp products (fitness, rigidity, freshness, and taste) compared to control (feed commercial).