ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS OF CEREMAI (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT BACTERIA AND FUNGI

• Main Author: Mulqie, Lanny
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45363
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Increasing antimicrobial resistance and toxicity led to the use of herbal medicine as an alternative treatment of various diseases associated with microbes. Ethanol extract of ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) leaves had antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Esherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus (Jagessar, 2008). This research tested the antimicrobial activity of the ceremai leaves extract fractions against bacteria resistant to [Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (MRCNS), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)] and test fungi (Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, and Aspergillus niger) through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the equivalence to reference antimicrobials. Crude drug was extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol. Extracts were fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Determination of MIC of the ethanol extract and fractions against test bacteria and fungi were performed using agar diffusion method, then followed by determination equivalence of the most potent fractions to reference antimicrobials (tetracycline, ketoconazole). MIC value of ethanol extract of ceremai leaves against VRE, MRCNS, Candida albicans was 1%, 0.75%, and 0.05% respectively. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against MRSA, VRE, MRCNS were 5%, 2.5%, and 0.63% respectively. MIC values of the most potent ethyl acetate fraction of the ceremai leaves against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Microsporum gypseum were 5%, 0.08%, and 2.5% respectively. Activity of 1 mg of ethyl acetate fraction was equivalent to 0.05 µg, 0.36 µg, and 0.92 µg of tetracycline respectively against MRSA, VRE, and MRCNS. Activity of 1 mg of ethyl acetate fraction of ceremai leaves was equivalent to 0.32 ?g, 0.01 ?g, and 0.03 ?g ketoconazole respectively against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Microsporum gypseum. Results of the present study suggested that ceremai leaves extract had activity against VRE, MRCNS, Candida albicans. The ethyl acetate fraction had the most potent antimicrobial activity against MRSA, VRE, MRCNS, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Microsporum gypseum.