PENGEMBANGAN NANOPARTIKEL BERBASIS XILAN UNTUK TUJUAN PELEPASAN SILIMARIN DI KOLON

• Main Author: Steven, Marcelinus
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45397
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Plant agro-waste, the residue produced during processing activities, is widely available around the world. Unfortunately, most people do not realize the benefit of these substances. They often use them as a fertilizer or disposed them by burning in an open field, which can contribute to air pollution. The main objective of this study was to utilize one of the substances in agro-waste: xylan as the main hemicellulose in plants, as a carrier for colonic targeting delivery of drugs. Colonic targeting was selected based on the ability of xylan to be degraded by xylanase, an enzyme produced by certain bacteria in human colon. As a drug carrier, xylan was formed to nanoparticles by a bottom-up method called coacervation. Xylan, a water insoluble material, was initially dissolved in NaOH. Subsequently, CH3COOH as the antisolvent was added dropwise to xylan solution using a microburette. Tween 20 was used as the stabilizer. By this way, xylan nanoparticles were spontaneously formed based on the acid-base reaction. To produce the desired xylan nanoparticles in term of particle size and particle size distribution, several process parameters included stirring speed, stirring time, rate of acid addition, and amout of xylan were studied. In this research, silymarin, as a BCS class II substance, was selected as an anticancer agent in colon and incorporated into xylan nanoparticles. In addition to particle size and distribution, several parameters such as surface charge, structure, morphology, and entrapment efficiency were also analysed. Xylan nanoparticle with size of 577.90±30.45 nm and size distribution of 0.203±0.112 was formed when the process applied with conditions of stirring time of 30 min., stirring speed of 1,000 rpm, dropwise rate of acid solution of 0.01 mL/s, and 0.5% (w/v) xylan. Xylan nanoparticles showed negatively charged of -1.47 mV, due to the 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid group in the backbone structure of xylan, while the optimal xylan-silymarin complex gave surface charge of 24.2 mV with 0.05% (b/v) silymarin. The entrapment efficiency of silymarin in the complex was 94.59±0.28 %, while the size and distribution of particle was 723.35±18.59 nm and 0.206±0.035 respectively. Results using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-Ray Diffractometry showed xylan nanoparticle was an amorphous material and still had the same properties even when in complex with silymarin. The nanoparticles also consisted of a mixture of aggregated particles with irregular morphology. Thus, in conclusion, this formula could be potentially applied for anticancer delivery system in human colon.