PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING FROM SARCOTESTA (OUTER PEEL SEED) OF MELINJO (GNETUM GNEMON L.)

• Main Author: Nadhira Windari, Alyssa
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45485
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Gnetum gnemon L. or melinjo is a plant from the family of Gnetaceae. Melinjo is used traditionally for diuretic, eye disease, honger oedema, and anemia. Melinjo also used as food, it is the main material for producing keripik emping, Indonesian traditional snack. The main material to make keripik emping is only the seed (endosperm) but the outer peel of the seed is wasted. Melinjo contained phenolic compound, they are flavonoid, tannin and stilbenoid. Previous researches were done for other part of melinjo, such as the seed, leaf, bark, and root, but the research for the seed peel is limited. This research aim was to determine compound which contained in melinjo outer seed peel and isolate phenolic compound from the methanol extract. The crude drug of seed peel melinjo was extracted using maceration with three solvents in increasing polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol). Each extracts were evaporated and monitored with thin layer chromatography (TLC). Extract methanol was fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol for the eluent. Fraction were subfractionated using VLC with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol (increasing polarity) for the eluent. Fraction were then further separated using radial thin layer chromatography with chloroform-methanol-water. The result from radial chromatography was then purified using recrystallization with methanol as a solvent. Purity test was done for the isolated compound using TLC one dimension with three mobile phases and two dimension TLC. Compound X was characterized using TLC with specific spray reagent, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry with shifting reagent and Infra Red Spectrophotometry. Compound X gave positive reaction with FeCl3, ammoniac vapour, and p-anisaldehyde. Based on UV-Visible spectrum, maximum wavelengths of compound X were 342 nm and 272 nm. After adding NaOH, the maximum wavelength were shifted to 402 nm and 273 nm respectively, but other shifting reagents addition (AlCl3/HCl, NaOAc, dan NaOAc/H3BO3) did not shift the wavelength. Crude drug seed peel melinjo contained alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, tannin, saponin, and steroid/triterpenoid and compound X was supposed to be flavonol with –OH group substitution on position 3 and –OH on position 4’.