DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK OF FORMAL, INFORMAL AND SEMI FORMAL SECTORS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (CASE STUDY : SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN YOGYAKARTA CITY, SLEMAN AND BANTUL REGENCY)

• Main Author: Purnama Putra, Hijrah
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45574
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The growth of a city is always followed by a burden that must be accepted by the city, e.g. the total solid waste of urban community. There are two sectors works in the solid waste management system, i.e. (1) the formal sector managed by the government, starting from the activities of storage, collection, transportation, processing to final disposal; and (2) The informal sector carried out by scavengers, collectors, intermediates, dealers, brokers, and others that have a role in solid waste recovery, but is not a considered in the design of municipal solid waste management systems. Currently, in Indonesia, developing another sector, in this study referred to as the semi-formal sector, namely the Solid Waste Bank and TPS 3R. This sector continues to grow but has not been equipped with comprehensive studies to evaluate its performance. This study aims to identify and evaluate the performance of the three sectors as well as the factors that affect their performance, and develop ideas of integration framework of the three sectors in the solid waste management system. This research consists of four stages. The first stage is to identify, evaluate activities carried out in the formal sector, and bring up indications that affect its performance. The second stage is to identify and evaluate the performance of the informal sector, with various factors affect its performance, followed by the potential for integration that can be done. The third stage is the same as the second stage of research, only on different objects, namely the semi-formal sector with a solid waste bank and the TPS 3R programs. While the fourth stage is continued with the material flow analysis and the development of ideas for the integration of the three sectors based on policies, existing conditions, factors that affect performance, and performance indicators that have been obtained in the previous stage. The first stage of the study found that the level of formal sector services varied in the three study areas, the highest percentage of services were owned by Yogyakarta City (79.87%), followed by Sleman Regency (18.14%) and the lowest was owned by Bantul Regency (8.224% ). Those three regions have their respective challenges in improving access to services, generally influenced by infrastructure, human resources, policies, financing to community participation. The second stage of the research focused on the informal sector, with surveys conducted on scavengers in various locations (sources of solid waste, transfer stations, and landfill) and solid waste collectors as recipients of the results collected by scavengers. The informal sector takes a role in collecting solid waste from sources at 1.43%, at transfer station 0.40%, and landfill 1.32%. It is accommodated by collectors 2.45% and other recipients, 2.66%. Overall, the informal sector has a 5.11% role in solid waste recovery in the study area. Scavengers and collectors have two performance indicators, namely the quantity of solid waste and economic value. In scavenger activities, factors that influence performance are the type of solid waste, the amount of collectors, the time of storage, and the work facilities used by the scavengers, whereas the collectors' activities are influenced by the type of processing used, and the residual waste. The third stage of the research focused on the semi-formal sector, namely solid waste banks and TPS 3R. There are 495 units of solid waste bank and 23 units of TPS 3R in the study area, with roles reaching 2.15%. Unlike the informal sector, this sector has environmental motives, while also having economic and empowerment motives. Indications of factors that affect performance are grouped into four main parts, i.e. the beginning of program implementation, program inputs, processes, and outputs. Program output is used as a performance indicator, consisting of customer development, products, and economic value for the solid waste bank. As for the TPS 3R, it consists of compost products, inorganic products, residues, customer development, and economic value. Each performance indicator consists of several influential factors. The fourth stage of the research is an integration step, which is carried out from the results of the previous stage. Reference data used policy components, existing conditions, factors that affect performance and performance indicators. The proposed integration idea is to establish TPS 3R as a regional scale waste processing center by integrating the system with a solid waste bank. The solid waste bank acts as a center for community education in sorting waste from the source, so there is mutual support in these two models of community-based on solid waste management. The performance of the TPS 3R will be calculated as the performance of village solid waste management and can be used as a percentage of solid waste services by the formal sector. TPS 3R also functions as a collector, which can also be used by the informal sector.