THE EFFECT OF SIMVASTATIN, ASPIRIN, THEIR COMBINATION AND BUNGUR ETHANOLIC EXTRACT (Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.) IN INITIATION STEP OF ATHEROMA PLAQUE

• Main Author: Permatasari, Anita
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45961
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Atherosclerosis is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by high level of cholesterol especially Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and accumulation of neutrophil and macrophage in the artery wall. Purpose of this research was to identify the effect of simvastatin, aspirin, their combination and bungur ethanolic extract to thickness of aorta wall which is initiation step of atherosclerosis plaque through lipid profile including total cholesterol, HDL and LDL and inflammation profile including myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Atherosclerosis’s model induced by cholesterol-fed and CCT (cholesterol, cholic acid, and propiltiouracil) oral administration. Rats induced cholesterol divided into control group, simvastatin 25 mg/kg, aspirin 20 mg/kg bb, combination simvastatin 25 mg/kg and aspirin 20 mg/kg and bungur ethanolic extract 200 mg/kg. Therapy was given 1 week to atherosclerosis’s model and still induced with cholesterol. Then, therapy was still given 2 weeks but induction of high cholesterol was stopped due to the massive loss of body weight. Cholesterol total, triglyseride, HDL, LDL, myeloperoxidase, and interleukin-18 measured before induction, end of induction, and end of therapy. In the end of therapy, aorta’s rats was isolated to identify the thickness of aorta wall. Cholesterol level of simvastatin, aspirin, combination and extract (99,13 ± 24,16 mg/dL, 96,89 ± 22,34 mg/dL , 98,87 ± 16,92 mg/dL and 101,18 ± 12,52 mg/dL, respectively) were significantly lower compared to control group (p<0,05). Triglyseride level of simvastatin, aspirin, and extract (115,78 ± 34,05 mg/dL, 86,02 ± 24,45 mg/dL, and 75,21 ± 30,40 mg/dL, respectively) were significantly lower compared to control group (p<0,05). HDL level of all groups did not show significantly different compared to control group (p>0,05). LDL level of combination group (41,25 ± 20,93 mg/dL) was significantly lower compared to control group (p<0,05). Myeloperoxidase level of simvastatin, aspirin, combination and extract (0,223 ± 0,100 ng/mL, 0,073 ± 0,052 ng/mL, 0,120 ± 0,027 ng/mL and 0,047 ± 0,017 ng/mL, respectively) were significantly lower compared to control group (p<0,05). Interleukin-18 level of simvastatin, aspirin, combination and extract (0,123 ± 0,011 ng/mL, 0,095 ± 0,005 ng/mL , 0,102 ± 0,009 ng/mL and 0,120 ± 0,011 ng/mL, respectively) were significantly lower compared to control group (p<0,05). Thickness of aorta wall of simvastatin, aspirin, combination and extract (158,60 ± 38,34 µm, 130,00 ± 20,55 µm, 156,00 ± 18,17 µm and 186,0 ± 23,02 µm, respectively) were significantly lower compared to control group (p<0,05). Simvastatin 25 mg/kg and bungur ethanolic extract 200 mg/kg group inhibit the thickness of aorta wall accompanied by decreasing cholesterol level, MPO level, and IL-18 level. Aspirin 20 mg/kg group has a better effect to inhibit the thickness of aorta wall accompanied by decreasing cholesterol level, MPO and IL-18. Simvastatin 25 mg/kg and aspirin 20 mg/kg combination group has effect to inhibit the thickness of aorta wall accompanied by decreasing cholesterol level, MPO, and IL-18.