ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY TESTS OF FRACTIONS OF EXTRACT OF BIRD NEST (Collocalia fuciphaga)

• Main Author: Norhayati
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45985
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Background and objectives : Humans are always in contact with infection-inducing microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and virus. Recently, the problems of infection are getting worse with the emerging cases of microbial resisitance to antibiotics. New alternatives to fight infections are, therefore, needed. These alternatives might originate from natural sources, including those of animal origin. This research was aimed to test the antimicrobial activity of fractions of extract of white nest of Collocalia fuciphaga bird against test microorganisms and to determine the minimum inhibition concentratin (MIC) as well as the equivalence of the active fraction to reference drug. Methods : The nest was extracted by refluxing with 70% ethanol. The extract was then liquid-liquid fractionated using n-hexana, ethyl acetate, and water. Extract and the three fractions were then tested for their MICs, followed by determination of equivalence to reference antibiotics, tetracycline for bacteria and ketoconazole for fungi. Observations on microbial morphological changes were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results : Showed that MICs of the ethanol extract against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS), and Streptococcus mutans were 0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.05%, respectively. Meanwhile, MICs of the most active ethyl acetate fraction against MRSA, MRCNS, Streptococcus mutans, Fusarium spp, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum gypseum were 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 1% dan 0.1%, respectively. Activiy of 1 mg of the ethyl acetate fraction was equivalent to 0.71 µg, 0.15 µg, and 0.28 µg tetrasiklin, agaisnt MRSA, MRCNS, and Streptococcus mutans, respectively. In fungi, 1 mg of ethyl acetate fraction was equivalent to 61.66 µg, 57.54 µg, and 8.13 µg ketoconazole against Fusarium spp, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, respectively. Conclusion : Taken together, the present research indicates that the ethyl acetate fraction of white nest of Collocalia fuciphaga has the most potent antifungal activity against Fusarium spp.