EFFECTIVENESS OF SENNA LEAVES (SENNA ALEXANDRINA MILL.) AND POMEGRANATE LEAVES (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) AS ANTIOBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME TREATMENT AGENT

• Main Author: Yuniarto, Ari
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/46271
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Obesity is one of the health problems in the world and the prevalence of obesity always increased in every years. Alternative treatment by natural product use became a choice should be considered. Several medicinal plants such as senna (Senna alexandrina Mill.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) have been used by community to treat various diseases. The objective of this research is to assay activities of senna leaves and pomegranate leaves as antiobesity and antimetabolic syndrome. In this research, senna leaves and pomegranate leaves were extracted by reflux method, then characterization and phytochemical screening were performed. The yields of each extract were 18.93% for senna leaves and 11.23% for pomegranate leaves, respectively. The results of phytochemical screening showed that senna leaves and pomegranate leaves extracts contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin saponin, quinone, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Fractionation was carried out using liquid-liquid extraction method, then phytochemical screening was conducted. The yields of senna fractions were nhexane fraction (11.1%), ethyl-acetate fraction (10.5%), and water fraction (32.2%), meanwhile pomegranate fractions were n-hexane fraction (17.8%), ethylacetate fraction (15.4%), water fraction (25.0%). The results of in vitro assay of senna and pomegranate leaves extract and its fractions inhibition against pancreatic lipase enzyme showed that inhibition strength of senna leaves based on the IC50 were ethanol extract (49.79 ?g/ml) > ethyl-acetate fraction (52.51 ?g/ml) > water fraction (53.02 ?g/ml) > n-hexane fraction (57.49 ?g/ml), respectively. While inhibition strength of pomegranate leaves against pancreatic lipase enzyme based on the IC50 were ethanol extract (33.74 ?g/ml) > ethyl-acetate fraction (39.43 ?g/ml) > water fraction (42.88 ?g/ml) > n-hexane fraction (50.67 ?g/ml). the result of IC50 of orlistat as standard is 0.25 ?g/ml. Others in vitro assays were performed such as alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, and antioxidant assays. The results of in vitro assay of senna and pomegranate iv leaves extract and its fractions inhibition against alpha-glucosidase enzyme denoted that inhibition strength of senna leaves based on the IC50 were water fraction (46.93 ?g/ml) > ethanol extract (49.03 ?g/ml) > ethyl-acetate fraction (49.46 ?g/ml) > n-hexane fraction (78.13 ?g/ml), respectively. Meanwhile inhibition strength of pomegranate leaves against alpha-glucosidase enzyme based on the IC50 such as ethanol extract (45.31 ?g/ml) > water fraction (56.88 ?g/ml) > ethyl-acetate fraction (58.48 ?g/ml) > n-hexane fraction (60.00 ?g/ml). IC50 of acarbose as standard is 36.17 ?g/ml. The results of in vitro assay of extract and fractions of senna and pomegranate leaves against alpha-amylase enzyme presented that inhibition strength of senna leaves based on the IC50 such as water fraction (40.68 ?g/ml) > ethyl-acetate fraction (46.65 ?g/ml) > n-hexane fraction (49.98 ?g/ml) > ethanol extract (60.11 ?g/ml), respectively. While, inhibition strength of pomegranate leaves against alpha-amylase enzyme based on the IC50 such as ethanol extract (42.71 ?g/ml) > water fraction (55.18 ?g/ml) > ethyl-acetate fraction (60.63 ?g/ml) > n-hexane fraction (62.63 ?g/ml). IC50 of acarbose as the standard is 27.90 ?g/ml. The results of antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and fractions of senna and pomegranate leaves by DPPH method exposed that higher antioxidant activity was given by water fraction of senna leaves with IC50 36.36 ?g/ml, while pomegranate leaves extract showed stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 DPPH 23.39 ?g/ml) compared to its fractions. IC50 of ascorbic acid as the standard was 5.26 ?g/ml. In vivo assay using obese zebrafish expressed that extract, senna fractions, and pomegranate fractions had good activities to reduce body weight, decrease fat accumulation in liver, and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines expression compared to extracts combination. In this research, the doses of extracts and fractions were 100 µg/ml dan 50 µg/ml. Based on results of in vitro and in vivo assays, the ethyl-acetate fraction of senna leaves was selected to continue through subfractionation. Subfractionation process was performed by vacuum liquid chromatography. Subfraction was tested by in vitro assay using pancreatic lipase enzyme. The selected subfraction of senna was followed by purification process. Then purity test of isolate was carried out, and characterization and identification of isolate was done by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The isolate was tested by in vitro assay using pancreatic lipase enzyme. The results of this research showed that ethanol extract of senna leaves, ethanol extract of pomegranate leaves, ethyl-acetate fraction of senna leaves, and water fraction of pomegranate leaves had promising effectiveness as antiobesity and antimetabolic syndrome by in vitro and in vivo. This research also presented that isolate of senna leaves which obtained was butein, sub-group of chalcones and had strongth activity on pancreatic lipase enzyme by in vitro compared to extract and its fractions. Therefore, it can be concluded senna leaves and pomegranate leaves has good activity as antiobesity and antimetabolic syndrome.