KINDERGARTEN FACILITY DESIGN BASED ON PEDAGOGY OF REGGIO EMILIA IN BANDUNG

• Main Author: Dyma Putri, Dea
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Arsitektur
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/46365
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Early childhood marks the important phase in a child’s life considering its strong connection with both development and growth in various aspects of a child’s life. The various aspects of a child’s development and growth consists of physic and motoric, language, cognitive, social and emotional, sensory, and art. Both development and growth process would later influenced a child’s life in the future. In regard to this matter, early childhood education acts as an educational institution that will support the process of a child’s development and growth. Kindergarten is one of early childhood education form that focusses on children age four to six. The latest research done by Miller and Almon in Crisis in The Kindergarten has shown the significant change on kindergarten institutions that stressed more on academic competency nowadays. On the other side, the children belived to have a different way of learning on their early childhood stages. On that account, age appropriateness along with a child’s developmental and growth need and characteristic should become the main key component of consideration in an early childhood education. The understandings to early childhood developmental and growth needs can be achieved through theory of developmental psychology which also underlined the school of the future visions. Both theory of developmental psychology and visions of school of the future became the foundation for the rise of progressive pedagogies which pedagogy of Reggio Emilia is one of them. The beginning of progressive pedagogies in Europe tried to tend to the needs for a better early childhood education which more well-suited to a child’s development and growth needs. The effort given to give a better early childhood education which more well-suited to a child’s development and growth needs also projected to a better early childhood educational facility which also the fruitition of an understanding to theory of psychological development dan school of the future visions that mirrored in progressive pedagogy, including pedagogy of Reggio Emilia. Given the circumstances, early childhood educational facility design based on pedagogy of Reggio Emilia is expected to be able to help Bandung government’s effort to support Indonesia’s government commitment to present a way better quality of early childhood education in Indonesia. In theory of psychological development, both characteristics and the needs of early childhood development is taken from the key points of existing developmental psychological theories. Theory of psychological development also becomes the foundation for the rise of progressive pedagogies on the 20th centuries, including pedagogy of Reggio Emilia. Developmental characteristics and needs also projected into school of the future visions. On the other hand, school of the future visions realized into kindergarten facility design which one of early childhood educational form. Pedagogy of Reggio Emilia is the pedagogy that originated from Italy. The involvements of parents and family in a child’s education process consider to be identical with Indonesian’s parenting pattern. The pedagogy of Reggio Emilia serves certain criterias regarding the design of its built environment. Those criterias involves transformability & flexibility, school as workshop, lights, color, material, atelier, horizontality, piazza, transparency, communication, school and community, dan inside-outside. Bunda Ganesa that becomes the design object in this thesis is one of the early childhood education institution located in Bandung that has been appointed to be an early childhood education pilot by the government of Bandung. In the early of 2019, Bunda Ganesa has started to implement the pedagogy of Reggio Emilia in its education process. Jalan Ciungwanara, Bandung, is chosen to be the site for the design of this thesis. The kindergarten facility design based on pedagogy of Reggio Emilia which originated from theory of psychological development, school of the future visions, and the fundamental points of pedagogy of Reggio Emilia will take upon the chosen site. The Kindergarten of Bunda Ganesa also becomes the design object for this thesis. The chosen site for the design of the kindergarten facility is in Jalan Ciungwanara, Bandung. The developmental psychology, the school of the future, and the pedagogy of Reggio Emilia will be combined to be the fundament of the design process for this thesis. The implementation of criterias in the design of kindergarten facility achieved through the use of partition and furniture with high flexibility as a form of transformability and flexibility. The little hidden spaces for individual learning and walls that act also as a wall climbing and chalkboard is becoming part of school as workshop’s design criteria. The variation of natural light distribution, the use of monochromatic color, also the integrated landscape concepts are the implementation of lights, color, and material. A continous form in building’s massing is horizontality criteria taking form. Both public and private plaza are the representation of piazza. On the other side, the easy visbility from one space to another gained through opening becomes part of transparency criteria. The studio acts as an appreciation room for arts and projects done by the children comes into a realization through atelier. Communication criteria can be seen on the walls that also serve as panels and an extension of galleries for children’s artwork and projects. The multifunction hall and also the public plaza comes from school and community criteria. Meanwhile, the interior and exterior connectivity can be traced from the inside-outside criteria in the design. The implementation of design criterias departing from developmental psychology theory, the school of the future visions, and the pedagogy of Reggio Emilia are expected to generate an output of a kindergarten facility design that can support children’s growth and developmental process and also enhancing the quality of early childhood education in Bandung.