COMPARISON OF INDIRECT INJECTION DIESEL MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS USING B-20 DIESEL, PURE COCONUT OIL AND PURE TAMANU OIL WITH THE APPLICATION ANALYSIS ON SMART MICRO GRID SYSTEM

• Main Author: Martin Leonardo, Tobat
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/46542
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The use of vegetable oil as an energy source can increase energy security in the Indonesian islands by relying on local potential. Tamanu and Coconut plants are abundant in Indonesia, can live in extreme environments and have the potential of large vegetable oil contents. This study aims to analyze the effect of the use of pure tamanu vegetable oil and pure coconut vegetable oil as Biofuel (BBN) on diesel motor fuel compared to the B-20 diesel oil as a reference by going through a series of tests in the Laboratory and then testing it on a smart micro grid system which was installed on Karimunjawa Island. The series of tests in the Laboratory consisted of an early stage performance test for a diesel motor at a load of 800 watts and multiples of up to 4000 watts, followed by an accelerated endurance test for 17 hours and then a final stage performance test. Test data such as specific fuel consumption (BSFC), thermal efficiency and exhaust emission values of the three types of fuel are then compared and analyzed. In addition, an analysis of the impact of the use of fuel on the dimensions of the fuel spray needle, fuel pump plunger and the value of the Total Acid Number (TAN) of the lubricant was also carried out. Whereas for further testing in Karimunjawa, the focus is on observing the operational characteristics of the generator set of the system and the performance test of the diesel motor when operating alone or together with solar panels to carry the burden in the system. To be comparable, the specifications of the generator set in Karimunjawa were selected in principle the same as the generator set for testing in the Laboratory. Then to achieve viscosity which is close to the B-20 diesel oil, in the test with pure vegetable oil fuel, a preheater is used which utilizes the exhaust gas heat of the diesel motor. Laboratory test results show that pure coconut and pure tamanu vegetable oil can be used as diesel motor fuel with performance that approaches B-20 diesel oil. This can be seen on BSFC which is almost the same for B-20 diesel oil, pure coconut oil and pure tamanu oil respectively 0.65 kg/kWh, 0.76 kg/kWh and 0.71 kg/kWh with an increase in average average after the endurance test of 0.03 kg/kWh, 0.19 kg/kWh and 0.03 kg/kWh. As for the average initial thermal efficiency of each fuel is 12.20% for B-20 diesel oil, 12.79% for pure coconut oil and 14.57% for pure tamanu oil. Then the reduction of the diameter of the fuel spray needles for B-20 iv diesel oil, pure coconut oil and pure tamanu oil were 14 ?m, 8 ?m and 5 ?m respectively, and for fuel pump plungers by 6 ?m, 4 ?m and 2 ?m, indicating the impact of wear motor fuel components due to the use of tamanu oil and coconut oil on not as large as B-20 diesel oil. Generators using pure tamanu oil produce the most environmentally friendly exhaust gases in terms of CO2, CO, HC, NOx and smoke opacity figures compared to the two fuels. The deposit left behind due to the use of pure tamanu oil on the cylinder head and piston has the lowest value, while pure coconut oil provides the highest deposit addition. TAN value of lubricant using tamanu oil was highest at 3.221 mgKOH/g compared to using B-20 diesel oil and coconut oil at 0.208 mgKOH/g and 0.561 mgKOH/g. Further testing was carried out in Karimunjawa using all three fuels for a relatively stable system load. The generator only bears the load of the ice maker around 2.2 kW when charging a battery of 10 amperes. At a load of about 3 kW, the average BSFC of B-20 diesel oil, pure coconut oil and pure tamanu oil are 0.51 kg/kWh, 0.57 kg/kWh and 0.54 kg/kWh respectively, while for the highest average thermal efficiency of tamanu oil of 17.38% compared to coconut oil and B-20 diesel of 16.66% and 14.69%. The BSFC value and thermal efficiency are in line with the results of initial performance tests in the Laboratory in the load range of 2400 watts – 3200 watts. The TAN value of Tamanu oil in Karimunjawa tests showed the smallest value due to the different service life of the lubricant from laboratory testing.