PEMBUATAN LEMBARAN BIOPOLIMER MENGGUNAKAN NANOSELULOSA DARI SELULOSA NANAS

• Main Author: Jannu Aryanto Sahidana, Faizal
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/46735
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Pineapple is a superior fruit commodity in Indonesia which produces by-products in the form of fruit skins and crowns. These by-products are a source of nanocellulose that is useful as a reinforcing material on renewable food wrap biopolymer sheets such as edible film and thermoplastic starch (TPS). Nanocellulose is generally obtained through physical and chemical methods while the enzymatic method is rarely studied. In this research enzymatically produced nanocellulose and its effect on the agar-nanocellulose composite biopolymer film (ANC). is determined with the tensile strength and strain. In addition, the comparison between ANC and the agar-microcellulose composite biopolymer flim (AMC) is studied with tensile strength and strain as parameters. The crushed pineapple crown and skins were given delignification treatment by Marasmius sp. then mechanically crushed to a size of 200 ?m to obtain microcellulose (MC). Cellulase enzyme from Trichoderma reseei was added then incubated for 3 days. Lastly sonication is used to obtain nanocellulose (NC). Variation of the amount of cellulase added to MC substrate (0.02 g / ml) was 25%, 50%, and 75% (v / v). Each pineapple fiber (either MC or NC) is added to the composite biopolymer film (either AMC or ANC) with a variation of 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% (w / w agar). The characterization of NC with PSA showed that 25% concentration of enzyme produce particle with the size 100.4 ± 25.1 nm (13%) and 1,140.4 ± 971.1 nm (87%); 50% variation sized 134.5 ± 22.6 nm as (21%) and 1,139.0 ± 332.9 nm (79%); 75% variation measuring 63.0 ± 8.3 nm by (15%) and 964.0 ± 237.1 nm (85%). Nanocellulose from 50% enzymatic variation was added to the biopolymer composite film to make ANC. From tensile test and strain result showed that ANC 4% is the best variation, namely tensile strength 18.47 MPa and strain 37%. This result of mechanical properties are the best among ANC variations. The mechanical properties of ANC 4% better than AMC and without the addition of fiber. Surface morphology through SEM observations of ANC 4% showed nanocellulose and matrix bonds to be better than other variations of fiber addition. Nanocellulose obtained from pineapple through enzymatic methods can strengthen composite biopolymer film by 11% compared to biopolymer sheets without nanocellulose. This result proves that nanocellulose obtained from pineapple by-products can be used in the development of environmentally friendly food packaging materials.