THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION, ABILITY, ROLE PERCEPTIONS, AND SITUATIONAL FACTORS (MARS) TOWARD HIV-RELATED STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION AT WORKPLACES IN JAKARTA

• Main Author: Putra, Hadi
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/47562
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Among the population of PLHIV in Indonesia, Jakarta is the province with the largest number of PLHIV (Person/People Living with HIV) population. The PLHIV in Indonesia, particularly to those who are categorized into the workforce population, are still facing an issue of stigma and discrimination due to their health status. This issue remains unsolved despite the advancement of HIV medication to reduce the viral load to restore the immune system and the longstanding of HIV awareness campaigns in Indonesia. The stigma and discrimination lead to the risk of employment loss of the PLHIV, which then caused growth in the number of unemployment in Indonesia. Consequently, the nation’s burden to support the unemployed workforce, increased. Focused factors that drive HIV-related stigma in this research are motivation, ability, role perceptions, and situational factors, which grouped as the MARS model of individual behavior. Furthermore, the situational factor in this research is the acquaintance with PLHIV that applied as the moderating variable for the research model. Subsequently, HIV-related stigma leads to discrimination at workplaces, such as the difficulty of accessing employment due to their health status, forced to disclose their HIV status as the recruitment requirement or employment continuation requirement, risk of job security, shifting in the job description, and promotion rejection due to their HIV status. The research used quantitative data from a questionnaire distributed to respondents who are working in Jakarta. The data from 177 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM). The SEM method used for the analysis was Partial Least Square on SmartPLS 3. The SEM analysis of questionnaire responses shows the ability has the strongest significant influence on HIV-related stigma, followed by motivation. On the other hand, role perceptions have no significant influence on HIV-related stigma. Furthermore, the acquaintance with PLHIV as the situational factor has no significant moderation effect on motivation, ability, and role perceptions toward HIV-related stigma and discrimination. The job security, shifting in the job description, employment access, and the promotion rejection have a strong significant influence by HIV-related stigma. Meanwhile, HIV status disclosure has a significantly lower influence by HIV-related stigma compared to other factors. Interventions are required to reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination based on the drivers in this research. The proposed interventions are emphasizing the substantive content of messages and their delivery to the community and re-introducing The Decree of Minister of Labor and Transmigration Number 68 the Year 2004 regarding The Prevention and Treatment of HIV-AIDS at Workplace.