PEMBANDINGAN HABITAT KAWASAN HUTAN MANGROVE YANG TERDAMPAK TSUNAMI DAN GANGGUAN MANUSIA DI PESISIR PANTAI BARAT DAN TIMUR ACEH BERDASARKAN KEANEKARAGAMAN BURUNG

• Main Author: Vavaza, Jannisa
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/48559
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Mangrove forest is an important ecosystem for several bird species that depend on coastal ecosystems. Natural disturbances such as tsunami or disturbances from human activities affect mangrove ecosystems, hence affecting its bird composition and bird diversity. The objective of this study is to compare bird diversity in west coast of Aceh affected by Tsunami and east coast of Aceh affected by human disturbance. This study is conducted in four mangrove areas located in Banda Aceh, Aceh Jaya, Langsa, and Aceh Timur using the 1 km line transect per location. Study is conducted for 12 days in 21 December 2019 – 7 January 2020 from 06.00-11.00 AM and 03.00-07.00 PM. East coast records the highest number of species and frequency of occurrence with a total of 19 species and 29,446 individuals. Diversity index of west coast is greater than east coast (Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index H '= 1.612 and 1.913, Evenness E' = 0.649 and 0.746, Simpson Diversity Index D '= 0.280 and 0.181 and Species richness R' = 1.559, and 1,894). Environmental conditions such as the existence of ponds, migration paths, intertidal zones and site fidelity contributed to bird species. Overall, the condition of mangrove forests resulting from restoration is better than natural mangroves. This is reflected in the diversity of bird species on the west coast which is higher than the east coast of Aceh. Tsunamis and human activities affect the composition of bird species. Mangrove areas affected by the tsunami are dominated by carnivorous groups, while areas that are disturbed by humans are dominated by wader and shorebird groups which include migratory birds that are also related to shallowness of water.