FABRICATION OF MANGOSTEEN PERICARP EXTRACT NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIOXIDANT USING ELECTROSPRAY TECHNIQUE

• Main Author: Agung Rezeki, Yulianto
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/49059
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Mangosteen pericarp contains a lot of ?-mangostin compounds which has very high antioxidant activity. However, it has a low solubility to be used as a candidate for active compounds for health. This study aims to develop a carrier system in the form of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanoparticles for mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) using the electrospray technique, to increase solubility and subsequently the therapeutic use value of MPE. PVP was proven to be a hydrophilic matrix that has long been used in pharmaceutical products. In this study, the composition of the precursor solution and solution flow rate during the electrospraying process were varied to control the formation of PVP/MPE nanoparticles. PVP/MPE nanoparticles obtained have some wrinkles on their surface and have a geometric average diameter range of 640 to 1,534 nm with a geometric standard deviation of 1.35 to 1.65. Increasing the electrical conductivity of the precursor solution resulted in a decrease of nanoparticles' average diameter. Also, the greater the flow rate, the larger the particles formed. The results agreed well with the droplet scaling relations for electrospray. Peak shifts in Fourier-transform infrared spectra of PVP-MPE nanoparticles indicated hydrogen bond formation between PVP and MPE. It also showed that MPE was successfully loaded in PVP matrix. The FTIR spectrum also shows that the more PVP content in PVP-MPE particles, the more likely it is to absorb water vapor or humidity. This can be seen from the peak intensity at the O-H stretching. The higher the peak intensity possessed by PVP-MPE particles, the more it absorbs moisture or air humidity. Crystalline peaks of MPE disappear in the X-ray diffraction patterns of PVP-MPE nanoparticles, indicating amorphization of MPE after being electrosprayed by PVP. From the XRD diffraction pattern it can be seen that the hydrogen bond between PVP and MPE is shown in the presence of halo at around 21.5 °. The highest PVP content in PVP-MPE particles shows the highest amorphous halo intensity as well. The differential scanning calorimetry study confirmed a hygroscopicity of PVP. The thermogram shows a broad endothermic peak from around 50 to 100°C as a result of dehydration. On the DSC thermogram visible melting point shifts on PVP-MPE particles with variations in the composition of the precursor solution. The greater the concentration of PVP contained in PVP-MPE particles, the melting point becomes greater. In this study, the use of flow rate during the electrospraying process only affected the geometric average diameter, did not change the functional groups, thermal properties, and crystallinity of PVP-MPE particles because they came from the same precursor solution. The antioxidant activity of all samples measured in this study falls into the very high category. The larger the average diameter of the particles has higher antioxidant activity, due to the higher MPE content as well. Loading of MPE in the PVP nanoparticle matrix has been shown to significantly increase MPE solubility. At 48 hours, all MPE were released from the PVP particle matrix, whereas in paste form only 37.1% MPE were released. Based on testing the antioxidant activity and release profile, it can be concluded that PVP-MPE particles are very potential to be used in drug delivery system applications.