DESIGN OF REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) PLANT IN WASTE UTILIZATION AT TPA SARIMUKTI
Waste is all the remains of human daily activities or natural processes in the form of solid or semi-solid in the form of biodegradable or non-biodegradable substances which are deemed useless and disposed of into the environment. (Law No.18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management). According to data fr...
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| Format: | Final Project |
| Language: | Indonesia |
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| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/51369 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | Waste is all the remains of human daily activities or natural processes in the form of solid or semi-solid in the form of biodegradable or non-biodegradable substances which are deemed useless and disposed of into the environment. (Law No.18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management). According to data from the Ministry of Environment, the average person in urban areas in Indonesia in 1995 produced 0.8 kg of waste / day and continued to increase to 1 kg per person per day in 2000. It is estimated that garbage piles in 2020 for each person per day are amounting to 2.1 kg. In terms of its composition, the most dominant type of waste produced in Indonesia is organic, including food waste and plant waste, at 50%, plastic by 15%, and paper by 10%. Then, the rest of the waste is metal, rubber, cloth, glass, and others. Meanwhile, from the source side, the most dominant came from households at 48%, traditional markets at 24%, and commercial areas at 9%. The rest comes from public facilities, schools, offices, roads, and so on. The pattern of waste management in Indonesia is transported and dumped in the TPA by 69%, buried at 10%, composted and recycled by 7%, burned by 5%, dumped into the river by 3%, and the remaining 7% unmanaged. In addition, discarded waste generates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in different ways, while contributing to the effects of global warming up to 15%. Organic waste dumped in landfill dumps decomposes anaerobically to produce methane gas, a greenhouse gas emission which, according to the Global Warming Potential Index, is 21 times more toxic than carbon dioxide gas. The incineration of waste also produces carbon dioxide, coupled with the gas emissions generated by the transport that brings waste to the landfill. In addition, the Kyoto Protocol encourages dependence on fossil fuels and encourages the use of renewable energy.
The Sarimukti Final Processing Site (TPA) is a final processing site that receives waste from Bandung City, Bandung Regency, Cimahi City and West Bandung Regency. TPA Sarimukti receives large amounts of household waste, namely as much as 2200 tons / day. The waste that entered the Sarimukti TPA during December 2019 was 66,571 tons with the amount and percentage of each service area being Bandung City of 50,472 tons or 75.82%, Cimahi City of 5,697 tons or 8.56%, Bandung Regency 3,784 tons or 5.68%, West Bandung Regency amounted to 6,618 tons or 9.94%. Most of the waste is organic and plastic waste which contains calories which have the potential to be used as a source of energy and fuel. So, the RDF Plant can be used as an alternative technology in utilizing the waste that enters the Sarimukti TPA. Based on the field survey, it was found that the capacity of the TPA Sarimukti had exceeded the initial planning capacity. The initial plan was that this TPA was designed to accommodate 1,200 tons of waste per day, but now the waste figure continues to swell to 2,200 tons per day. It can be concluded that the Sarimukti TPA has an overcapacity of 800 tons per day. In addition, the garbage transportation to the Sarimukti TPA is also jammed due to the very high number of backflow or truck traffic. It is recorded that as many as 400 ritase each day enter the Sarimukti TPA. So, it is necessary to handle waste that can take advantage of the garbage at the Sarimukti TPA to overcome the overcapacity. RDF Plant is an alternative technology that can solve problems in the Sarimukti TPA. RDF Plant is planned to serve Cimahi City and West Bandung Regency. RDF Plant will be planned to be in zone 1 of the Sarimukti TPA. The composition of waste in TPA Sarimukti which will be the object of processing is mostly plastic and organic waste with a respective percentage of 41%. This waste has a calorific value of 5,487.53 calories / gram and a water content of 61.8%. The choice of laundry wastewater treatment technology is carried out with a weighting system using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. Each comparison parameter is given a weight according to the given effect. In this design, the technical parameters are given greater weight because it is the main target for the RDF Plant. The selected RDF Plant is determined based on the highest value of weighting results using the SAW method after considering the technical and non-technical aspects of each alternative processing technology. From the results of the accumulated weighting of technology selection above, it is obtained that the selected sorting activity is a semi-mechanical sorting system and the selected drying activity is drying using the biodrying method. The RDF Plant facility service period which is planned for a period of 15 years is in accordance with the minimum limit of the waste infrastructure design period, which is 10 years as stated in the Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 3/2013. The planning and development stage is carried out in 2020-2025, while the operation stage is in 2026-2040. The minimum land requirement required in designing the RDF Plant facility at TPA Sarimukti which is designed is 0.46 Ha.
To determine the economic feasibility of building a planned inorganic waste processing facility, a Net Present Value (NPV) analysis is carried out as a tool for making financial decisions. Then the NPV calculation and analysis stage was carried out using the Bank Indonesia reference interest rate in February 2020 5%, it was found that the construction of the RDF Plant facility to be realized was because the NPV obtained was negative, namely Rp. 37,760,658,300 for a service period of 15 years. So it can be concluded that the facility procurement project is not economically feasible to be realized. However, with other benefits besides the benefits of the facility, it can be built because the main objective is to reduce the garbage dumped in the Sarimukti TPA. In addition, facilities can get other benefits from the use of products from RDF products.
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