THE INFLUENCE OF WALKABILITY AND PARATRANSIT SERVICES ON BEHAVIORAL INTENTION TO USE PARATRANSIT FOR TRAVEL TO WORK IN BANDUNG

• Main Author: Syafriharti, Romeiza
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/51808
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The role of ‘angkutan kota (angkot)’, as one of the paratransit, in the public transportation system in Bandung City still has the opportunity to be improved, including as a feeder for existing and future mass transportation. Therefore, an understanding of user behavior intentions is needed, because it will directly influence future behavior. Better understanding of user behavior will be useful in maintaining existing angkot users and can be used to attract potential demand from users of other modes, especially motorcycles and cars, which numbers continue increase. Based on a review of previous research, it was found that there were gaps in the study of behavioral intention to use public transportation. In general, previous studies have examined aspects related to public transportation such as service quality, satisfaction, perceived benefits, and so on. Although there have been previous studies that conducted studies on psychosocial factors, such as factors from the theory of planned behavior (TPB), studies on walkability at the place of origin and at the destination have not been much considered on the behavioral intention of using public transportation, especially walkability at the destination. Based on these gaps, this study aims to have better understanding about the factors that influence the behavioral intention to use angkot from origin to destination, by considering walkability, angkot services, and other psychosocial factors. This research is focused on the purpose of traveling to work in the city of Bandung. This research is a cross sectional study by testing the hypothesis of the causal relationship between variables in the model. There are three models of behavioral intention to use ‘angkot’ that have been developed, they are a 'walkability model in the neighborhood', a 'walkability model in the workplace', and a 'angkot service model'. In both walkability models, the effect of walkability factors is tested on the behavioral intention of using ‘angkot’, which consists of the objective measure of walkability, perceptions of walkability and satisfaction of walkability. Besides walkability factors, psychosocial factors are also considered, in term of attitude related to walking. For the public transportation service model, there is investigation the influence of variables consisting of the objective measure of publiciv transportation services, perceptions and satisfaction about public transportation services, as well as attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms on behavioral intention to use public transportation. For the ‘angkot’ service model, the variables tested for their influence on the behavioral intention of using ‘angkot’ are the objective measure of angkot services, perceptions and satisfaction about ‘angkot’ services, as well as attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms related to ‘angkot’. By involving latent variables, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze the three models of behavioral intention to use ‘angkot’. Data processing and analysis utilizes AMOS 24. In accordance with the concept of behavioral intention, namely retaining customers while attracting new customers, the development of the model is differentiated between ‘angkot’ users and non-‘angkot’ users. By differentiating each model for the two groups of users and non-users, it is hoped that the study findings can be used as a priority strategy for ‘angkot’ development by related parties. Not all theories that apply to the behavioral intentions of public transportation studied in other countries also apply to the study of behavioral intention to use ‘angkot’ in Bandung. The findings of this study are: 1) Walkability which is measured objectively affects the behavioral intention to use ‘angkot’ only on the 'walkability in the neighborhood' model for ‘angkot’ users. 2) Walkability which is measured subjectively does not affect the behavioral intention to use ‘angkot’ at all. 3) Satisfaction with walkability only affects the 'walkability in the neighborhood' model for ‘angkot’ users. 4) The objective measure of angkot services has no effect at all on the behavioral intention of using ‘angkot’. 5) The subjective measure of ‘angkot’ services only affects the behavioral intention of using ‘angkot’ for non-‘angkot’ users. 6) Satisfaction with ‘angkot’ services has no effect on both groups, users or non-users of ‘angkot’. 7) Attitude affects the behavioral intentions of using ‘angkot’ in the three models, both for groups of users and non-users of ‘angkot’. 8) Subjective norm affects the behavioral intention of using ‘angkot’ in the 'angkot service' model for groups of users and non-‘angkot’ users. 9) Perceived behavioral control affects the behavioral intention of using ‘angkot’ in the 'angkot service' model indirectly through a subjective measure of ‘angkot’ services only for groups not using ‘angkot’ users. This research is not only useful for interested parties in the development of ‘angkot’ in the public transportation system, but also for scientific treasures. With the limited research that involves walkability, especially walkability in travel destinations on the behavioral intention of using public transportation, the results of this study can make a real contribution to a deeper understanding of the pattern of relationships that occur between the built environment and transportation.