ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS WITH RISK OF OROFACIAL CLEFTS IN BANDUNG REGENCY

• Main Author: Nadhia Cahyani, Zulfi
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/51837
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Cleft lip and/or palate (Orofacial Cleft/ OFC) is one of the most common congenital defects, which occurs in the world about 1:700 births. In Indonesia, OFC includes the highest birth defects, where Bandung Regency has prevalence as the second highest in West Java. Etiology of OFC was quite complex, including genetic and environmental factors, such as maternal risky age, obesity, nutritional deficiency, fever or flu, drug consumption, active or passive smoking, and exposure of pesticides or heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of environmental factors with OFC risk in Bandung Regency. The method that used was case control study (retrospective), using questionnaires, interviews, and measuring heavy metal exposure in infant’s blood from 32 case and 32 control group respondents. Chi-square analysis (bivariate) and multiple logistic regression (multivariate) were used in this study. The results showed that environmental factors were significantly related to the OFC risk between case and control groups in this study including maternal risky age (p-value = 0.014), lack of multivitamins (p- value = 0.005), drug consumption (p-value = 0.009), passive smoking (p-value = 0.036), and heavy metal exposure (p-value = 0.031); while the environmental factors that contributed as the largest risk of OFC was lack of multivitamin consumption (OR = 9.17, 95% CI = 1.95 - 43.25). In addition, Hg, Pb, and Cd were thought to be significantly associated with OFC risk; and an increased risk was thought to occur in the increased of Pb and Cd concentrations in the infant's blood.