STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT METHODS FOR IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE REVERSE LOGISTICS A CASE STUDY INDONESIAN SMARTPHONE WASTE

• Main Author: Maheswari, Hesti
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/51862
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Electronic waste (e-waste) processing in Indonesia is dominated by informal groups. Even though traditional processing activities are very dangerous for the environment and health, they still do it because of some economic reasons such as poverty and unemployment. For those who do not have high formal skills or education, the e-waste business is very promising compared to other businesses such as trading vegetables, clothing, or basic necessities. It is not enough just to have a waste management law for managing e-waste, other aspects that must be considered, namely, resource commitment, social culture, technology, and funding. E-waste management must be carried out starting from the upstream, the community as the main source of e-waste to the downstream, the informal business that carries out the e-waste processing. Including manufacturers who contribute greatly to the e-waste dump. Therefore, this research carries the theme of stakeholder engagement methods in overcoming e-waste through the implementation of sustainable reverse logistics (SRL). This research has three objectives, namely mapping the roles, motivations, expectations, and obstacles of each stakeholder; knowing the interaction hierarchies of each stakeholder to the SRL program; and determining the most appropriate method of engagement for each stakeholder to implement the program. To answer research questions, this study uses a mixed-method approach. The qualitative approach is used to collect various information from respondents including the most suitable engagement methods. A quantitative approach is carried out at the confirmation phase. At this phase, this research uses descriptive statistical tests, namely the mean, mode, and geometric mean. In addition, interrater agreement, content validity index, and factorial validity index were also carried out to measure the level of agreement among the stakeholders. There are 33 respondents from the informal group and 2 respondents from the formal e-waste business group; 7 respondents from the government group, 2 respondents from the smartphone manufacturing group; and 363 communities. At the confirmation phase, this study used the same respondents of the informal business group, 3 respondents in the ii manufacturing group, while for the government group consisted of 168 respondents and the community for 134 respondents. This research maps the roles, motivations, and expectations of each stakeholder, as well as the obstacles they face. The results of this mapping become the basis for researchers in formulating engagement methods for each stakeholder. The results of the hierarchical interaction analysis using the AIDA concept show that all stakeholders have good attention to SRL activity. At the second level of the hierarchy, only communities were not interested in supporting the program. In the third level, only the manufacturers' group have a desire in implementing SRL activity. Unfortunately, all stakeholders have not reached the fourth level, which is not doing any significant SRL activities or programs. The test results in the confirmation phase show that informal businesses are willing to use personal protection equipment, provide a special place to accommodate electronic waste, provide incentives for e-waste owners, and refuse to carry out processing if they do not have sufficient capacity. The government is willing to be involved in making complete data on the informal e-waste business, promoting SRL activities, encouraging people to behave in an environmentally friendly manner, and facilitating partnerships between informal businesses and manufacturers. There are three forms of participation approved by the manufacturing group, namely providing information about the toxic content and radiation effects of products, organizing trade-in programs, and improving product quality. Meanwhile, people are willing to sort and dispose of electronic waste on a separate schedule, do not store e-waste at home, selective in buying products, and are willing to repair or upgrade smartphones for reuse. There are six collaboration methods, namely: developing and promoting the SRL center; create an online e-waste collection application; managing the growth of e-waste by regulating green waste disposal, creating custom schedules, and providing staff; coordinating information and e-waste collection and bringing it to the SRL center; build a partnership between IEB and producers by providing certification first; and enhancing recycling skills and knowledge through profitable partnerships between IEB and producers. Informal businesses can be empowered to create traditional recycling machines to reduce direct contact with e-waste components and air filter machines. The government agrees to develop a governance system for SRL, monitor and supervise SRL activity, and mediate partnerships between IEB and producers. Manufacturers can be empowered to develop take-back programs, provide extensive authorized repair services, produce flexible products for feature additions, and use recycled items to produce new products. Whereas the community can only be empowered in terms of increasing the use of smartphones by giving or selling them to others. Understanding the roles, motivation, and expectation each stakeholder is very important, knowing the obstacles that they faced is also urgent, and engaging these four parties in this research is very beneficial because this problem cannot be solved individually.