KAJIAN KONSEP DESAIN BANGKU DAN KURSI SEKOLAH DASAR YANG BERORIENTASI ACTIVE LEARNING DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP ASPEK TEKNIS STUDI KASUS DI KOTA SURABAYA

• Main Author: Martadi
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/5288
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<b>Abstract:<p align="justify"> <br /> This study is meant to explain thoroughly the underlying concept of desks and chairs design for elementary schools in Surabaya, and to propose an alternative design concept which may be ideal for elementary school pupils. <br /> This qualitative-descriptive study is situated in Surabaya that covers five district areas, namely Keputih, Benowo, Gayungan, Krembangan, and Gubeng. The chosen population are fifteen elementary schools with such considerations as geographic position, school status, and school level.<p align="justify"> <br /> <br /> The data sources of this study are desks and chairs as primary source, oral sources obtained from informants, as well as written documentation and photos. The data are collected by using the following methods: observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation and method triangulation. The collected data are then analyzed qualitative-descriptively by using an interactive analysis which involves three steps: data reduction, data display, and conclusion.<p align="justify"> <br /> <br /> This study eventually finds out that the design concept of desks and chairs for elementary school is very much affected by three educational matters, namely: the learning pattern that tends to be teacher-centered, too many pupils per classroom, and the school's financial capabilities. These three matters have given impacts on the design concept of desks and chairs which tends to be conventional with such a traditionally-patterned classroom arrangement. <br /> The factors being considered during the process of designing the desks and chairs for elementary schools are closely, related with their natural and social-cultural environments, aesthetics, economy, function, and techniques. Those factors have significant impacts on the visual elements of those desks and chairs which can clearly be seen from their an materials, constructions, measurements, shapes, colors, and decorations. <br /> This study also finds out that the school advance level has had significant influences on the design concept of desks and chairs. In designing the desks and chairs, more advanced schools tend to be better that less advanced schools.<p align="justify"> <br /> <br /> Based on those findings, some recommendations can be formulated as follows: firstly, design plays an important role in helping to solve certain educational problems, especially for the effectiveness of the learning objectives achievement.It would be ideal if the design concept could_ he developed hased_on their educational basic problems. Secondly, to improve the learning effectiveness, it is necessary to alter the- learning paradigm- from a teacher-centered pattern into a- student-centered pattern. Thirdly, the student-centered learning pattern requires an open classroom arrangement, allows ample mobilities_ and flexibilities, and provides an atmosphere of pleasure and fun. Ideally, the design of desks and chairs for elementary schools should meet some principles such as: portable, modular, and multi-functioned. Fourthtly, an ideal design concept of desks and chairs for elementary schools is strongly recommended to consider the following, aspects:<p align="justify"> <br /> <br /> (1) The raw materials are strong, durable, safe, and not heavy; <br /> (2) Shapes are made by employing modular principles so that they cam-be_ easily arranged suitable with the needs and can function as media; <br /> (3) Construction should be suitable with the- materials that are strong, possible for mass production, and safe for pupils; <br /> (4) Measurement should be suited with the pupils' anthropometry and physical functions; <br /> (5) The collars and decorative illustrations should be_ suited- with the pupils' psycological state, visual language, and personal characters; <br /> (6) The themes of the illustrations should be educative, easy to understand, and suitable with their learning topics.