RESISTANCE OF KEPOK TANJUNG VARIETY OF BANANA INDUCED BY SILICA AND CHITOSAN ELICITOR AGAINST INFECTION OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE TROPICAL RACE 4 IN VITRO

• Main Author: SHADIKILLAH, SYABAN
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/53915
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Panama disease is one of deleterious disease in banana plants that caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) infection. It decreased banana production world wide significantly. One way that can be done to increase banana resistance to Foc TR4 infection is by using elicitor compounds. According to several studies, silica and chitosan elicitors can increase plant resistance to disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of silica and chitosan elicitor application on the resistance of banana, kepok tanjung variety, in vitro. In vitro elicitation of Banana plantlets was conducted with a concentration of 15, 30, and 60 ppm silica, while that of chitosan elicitation was in a concentration of 20, 40, and 80 ppm. The resistance of Banana plantlets was then tested against Foc TR4 infection. The resistance analysis was based on the disease severity index (DSI) in the leaves using the Leaf Severity Index (LSI) and in the corms using the Rhizome Discoloration Index (RDI), as well as measuring growth parameters in the form of changes in pseudo-stem length. The results showed that the overall plantlet disease severity index (DSI) score of plantlets that exposed to silica and chitosan was lower than the positive control. Control was classified as susceptible with LSI: 2 and RDI: 5. Rhizome Discoloration Index (RDI) on corms plantlet exposed to 15, 30, and 60 ppm silica were: 2.33; 3 and 1,67 consecutively, so they were included in the tolerant category. The RDI value of the plantlet corms exposed to 20, 40, and 80 ppm chitosan were 1.33; 1.33 and 1 consecutively, so they are also in the tolerant category. Leaf Severity Index (LSI) of plantlets that exposed to 15, 30, and 60 ppm silica were: 2; 1.33; and 1.33, so they are considered tolerant. Likewise, LSI of plantlets after being exposed to chitosan 20.40, and 80 ppm were tolerant with a score of 1.33; 1 and 2. Overall, the RDI score of the chitosan treatment group was lower than the silica treatment group, and the 40 ppm chitosan elicitation was the optimum concentration in increasing banana resistance. One way ANOVA statistical test (p-value ? 0.05) showed most pseudo-stem length after inoculation decreased significantly in all groups, except in the 40 ppm chitosan treatment group. The data showed that Foc TR4 inoculation caused a decrease in the ability to grow for plantlets. The reduction in delta length of pseudostem after inoculation treatment were range between 3.2 - 4.17 cm for plant elicited by silica while that elicited by chitosan were range between 0,67 - 2.29 cm, the lowest reduction was the one treated with 40 ppm chitosan. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the 40 ppm chitosan elicitation treatment produced the best resistance response to Foc TR4.