ACUTE TOXICITY SCREENING FIVE RHIZOMES OF FAMILY ZINGIBERACEAE WITH ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS AND LITERATURE STUDY OF GENUS ZINGIBER

• Main Author: Paramita, Anggra
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/54366
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Background and purpose: Zingiberaceae family is a well-known family of herbal medicine. It is widespread and the availability is abundant due to the easiness to cultivate. The utilization as medicinal plant has been known from generation to generation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct toxicity testing to evaluate and predict the safety of the compounds contained in these medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of extract and fraction of black ginger, mango ginger, red ginger, cassumunar ginger, and galangal based on LC50 value. While the aim of literature review was to determine the correlation of empirical uses with bioactive compounds and biological activities of genus Zingiber Methods: Extraction of the rhizomes from black ginger, mango ginger, red ginger, cassumunar ginger, and galanga plants using the Soxhlet apparatus with 70% ethanol as a solvent. The fractionation of the ethanol extract was carried out using graded solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water). After that, the acute toxicity test was carried out using the zebrafish test animal model. In addition, a literature review was also made which was obtained by collecting articles and sorted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, analyzed the articles to obtain coherence between empirical uses with bioactive contents and biological activities. Results: From the observations of the abnormalities, it was found that the morphological differences between the embryos and zebrafish larvae were exposed to the extract, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction when compared to negative controls containing E3 media, including: pericardial edema, yolk sac edema and curved spine, curved coccyx, coagulation and malformation of the jaw. The lowest LC50 value were the water fraction of red ginger rhizome of 3,66±1,40 µg/mL and extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of galangal rhizome of 4,29±0,46 µg/mL; 5,22±3,80 µg/mL; dan 2,94±1,39 µg/mL respectively. The result from the literature search obtained 52 articles and grouped according to bioactive content and biological activity for each plant. Generally, the plants have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: The extract and fraction of galanga rhizome and also water fraction of red ginger rhizome was classified as moderately toxic. The empirical uses of the rhizome of genus Zingiber are in accordance with their bioactive compounds and biological activities.