SUSTAINABILITY OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTER IMPLEMENTATION TO TREAT ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE. STUDY CASE: BANDUNG CITY
In the last decade, waste management has become a surmounting problem in urban setting of Indonesia; one example is the pollution of Indonesian waters from municipal solid waste (MSW). To overcome this, the Government of Indonesia has established a National Strategic Policy for reducing waste at sou...
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| Format: | Dissertations |
| Language: | Indonesia |
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| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/54447 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | In the last decade, waste management has become a surmounting problem in urban setting of Indonesia; one example is the pollution of Indonesian waters from municipal solid waste (MSW). To overcome this, the Government of Indonesia has established a National Strategic Policy for reducing waste at source by 30% by 2025. Bandung Municipality has established waste reduction target and the circular economy concept. The approach chosen by Bandung Municipality is unique; waste reduction using the non-thermal based Waste to Energy (WtE) technology. The WtE technology chosen is anaerobic digester, known as a biodigester and is applied on various scales (household scale, communal and centralized). Until 2020, there have been at least 330 household scale biodigesters (capacity 15 kg / day), 21 communal scale biodigesters (250 kg / day) and one centralized biodigester (2 tons / day). The municipality target of reducing waste through biodigester is 1%, but unfortunately, until now there are still few studies that analyze the effectiveness of this organic waste management approach.
This study analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of using anaerobic digesters to reduce organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). The effectiveness and efficiency analysis will be based on the technical performance of the biodigester. To assess the performance of the biodigester, some feed and slurry samples were taken from 9 biodigester that were still functioning properly, while for biodigester that could not be sampled, a semi-closed questionnaire was used to obtain the information needed (n = 9 for communal scale and n = 40 for household scale).
Apart from the technical performance assessment, this research also evaluates the suitability of the biodigester technology for organic waste management. Evaluation is carried out based on Roger's Innovation Diffusion Theory (2003) which states that if the technology is appropriate and can meet the needs of its users, the technology will continue to be adopted by its users or what is called in this study as the sustainable adoption. Analysis of the sustainability of adoption and the key factors that influence it were analyzed using the statistical method of Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) from 69 questionnaires with a Likert scale. The factors that are considered influential are taken from the Sustainability Theory from Ilskog (2008) which states that environmental, economic, social, technical and institutional dimensions will affect the sustainability of any development program. The results found are that the Economic, Social and Environmental Dimensions affect the sustainable use of biodigester.
In addition, this study also analyzes the acceptance of community to adopt biodigester for processing organic waste. Community respondents (n = 155) were asked to fill out a Likert-scale questionnaire regarding the quality of the biodigester product which was based on Garvin's Product Quality Theory (i.e features, performance, durability, serviceability and reliability). These dimensions were the independent variables that correlated their significance in influencing respondent’s interest in using a biodigester. The relationship between the two is analyzed using binary logistic regression. The equation generated implies that in general the community is not interested in using a biodigester, but there are key factors that can increase public interest such as the ability of the biodigester to produce energy and fertilizer, and the resistance of the biodigester device from leakage.
The last nontechnical aspect is to find out whether the community is willing to pay for the biodigester unit (WTP), the amount of WTP and the key factors that influence the WTP value. This information is needed so that the government could formulate a financing strategy for the wide scale biodigester implementation. In addition this study also analyzes the amount of incentive that should be given for biodigester user. This will help sustaining the use of the biodigester as it gives economic benefit to the user.
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