KAJIAN PELUANG MEKANISME PEMBANGUNAN BERSIH/CDM SEKTOR KEH

• Main Author: RESMIANI
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/5449
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

<b>Abstract :</b> <p align=\"justify\"> <br /> Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the flexible mechanisms contained in the Kyoto Protocol. Through CDM, developing countries may be able to actively participate in helping developed countries obligated to decrease the emission of green house gas, by doing investment in developing countries in various sectors, while the developing countries benefit in reaching continuous development objective as the national agenda besides reaching the main objective to stabilize the emission of green house gas in handling the effect of global warming. Some CDM sectors to be implemented is CDM in the sectors of energy, transportation, household, garbage and forestry. Forestry sector CDM is a different mechanism to CDM of other sectors since the emission decrease is conducted by carbon absorption in the atmosphere by trees (carbon sequestration) while other sectors apply emission decrease at the source of emission.<p align=\"justify\"><br /> The activities to be proposed for forestry sector CDM are limited only for afforestation and reforestation activities. Afforestation is the re-planting on land cleared since 50 years ago while reforestation is the re-planting of land which is clear of trees before the year 1990. The stages or procedures of forestry CDM activities, known as forestry CDM project cycle, begin with project identification activity, project designing, project design documentation, agreement by the CDM National Commission, validation, registration, implementation and monitoring, verification and certification, and finally, the issuing of CER (Certified Emission Reduction) by the CDM Board of Executors. The stage of project designing is the most important stage for the success of the CDM project since good analysis on accurate project designing, including methodology and the involvement of related stakeholders, is necessary. This is intended to produce projects which can sufficiently benefit from CDM, including sufficient funding provision in order that the transaction cost does not exceed the available fund.<p align=\"justify\"> <br /> The increase of forest and land destruction in Indonesia results in the increase in natural disaster on people. However, the limited conventional source of fund causes the limited fund for the activity of forest and land rehabilitation which is extremely needed. Therefore, CDM may become an alternative funding which is quite potential in the forestry sector. Indonesia, with the third largest forest area in the world, may have an important role in reducing world emission through carbon sink, and has a forestry CDM potential of approximately 15,8% from the total world market with the option of reforestation. The type of community based forest management (community forest, social forestry: MPTS plantation, agro forestry) is more appropriate as the aim of CDM project in the study area since the type of forestry activity will be more consistent in the implementation of forestry CDM project.<p align=\"justify\"> <br /> The Citarum upper course river basin, specifically Kertasari sub district area, was chosen as the study area with the consideration that the area is the core zone of Citarum river basin which gives important contribution for several town regencies through which the river runs, even for the need of drinking water in the capital city and electricity for Java-Bali. The estimated carbon absorption capacity for land rehabilitation in Kertasari sub district is 13,395 ton/ha/year with the area of critical land to be rehabilitated as forestry CDM project of 976,28 Ha (the area in 1983). The estimated forestry CDM budget potential which may be obtained from land rehabilitation activity in Kertasari Regency is US$ 52.309,08 - US$ 65.386,35 per year, excluding the reduction of transaction fee as well as the forestry development on the international negotiation process, international carbon market dynamic and the national capacity in absorbing carbon, so that the budget value obtained may be lower or higher.<p align=\"justify\"> <br /> From the institutional aspect, basically, complicated bureaucracy will hamper the project implementation. Readiness in resources and institutional system which can support the success in CDM implementation is needed. With all the potentials and obstacles within, forestry CDM is still a promising opportunity for the act of land rehabilitation in regional areas, i,e besides economic benefit, others, such as benefit from environmental and social aspects should be considered, among others, it expects people\'s awareness on the function of forest preservation and an increase in the sense of belonging, besides the fact that the forest will be preserved and the welfare of the people around it may be increas