PERANCANGAN DAN UJI COBA REAKTOR DRUM BERPUTAR SKALA SEMI-PILOT UNTUK PEMBUATAN BATUBARA HIBRIDA

• Main Author: Fattah Suyadi, Al
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/54664
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Coal is categorized as fossil fuel resources in the form of solid which is abundant in Indonesia. The high calorific value that is contained within it makes it very useful among various industry sectors, especially in power plants. However, the main problem in using coal is the amount of non-neutral CO2 emission it emitted. If there is no preventive measure taken to reduce the CO2 emission, this issue can decrease the amount of exported Indonesian coal to foreign countries that has regulated CO2 emission standard. One of the methods that can be implemented to reduce CO2 emission is the process of co-torrefaction of coal and biomass. Co-torrefaction is thermal decomposition of organic substances under little or zero amount of oxygen with two or more types of feed at the same time within the range of 200-300°C with slow heating. Biomass is recognized as an environmentally-friendly fuel resource because it is considered to have zero-carbon footprint. Overall, the hybrid coal is expected to contain higher calorific value and lower carbon footprint when compared to its raw coal. The purpose of this study is to analyze the energy supply for the batch-flow drum reactor that is specifically designed to consist of co- torrefaction chamber with rotating mechanism and burning chamber which supplies energy from biomass burning. Characterization that will be conducted include proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, lignocellulose component, and calorific value. Based on the obtained results, the 250 gram-capacity drum reactor that uses 1:3 feed-fuel ratio produced the best quality of hybrid coal when compared to other variations such as 1:1, 2:3, and 1:2. The product that is processed using that ratio obtains calorific value within the range of 5196-5268 cal/g that is categorized as sub-bituminuous B coal with an increase of 12.12-14.72% relative to its pure coal and has succeeded in degradating 90.76% of its hemicellulose component. The drum reactor can reduce CO2 emission up to 14.78-17.59% which is relatively the same range as the static reactor compared with the same 1:3 feed-fuel ratio. The drum reactor managed to obtain the highest mass and energy yield when compared to the previous experiments using the static reactor within the range of 73.99– 89.16% and 91.68–94.84%, respectively. This is caused by the evenly-distributed heat using the rotating drum mechanism. Based on the comparison of drum reactor from ITB with the kiln reactor from LIPI, the continuous-flow drum reactor will need precise design and throughout calculation to control the flow of feed and the supply of iv energy using biomass which are both integrated. In conclusion, the capacity of the current drum reactor is highly potential to be upgraded due to its better economical and environmental aspects in order to produce hybrid coal. Keywords: biomass, carbon footprint, torrefaction, hybrid coal, rotary drum reactor