THE EFFECT OF NANOSTRUCTURE OF TITANIUM AND ITS ALLOYS ON CORROSION RESISTANCE AS A DENTAL IMPLANT: A CRITICAL REVIEW

• Main Author: Novia Sari, Shintia
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/54766
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Titanium and its alloys have reliable characteristics in mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and osseointegration. Based on their characteristics, titanium and its alloys are widely used as a raw material for biomedical equipments, especially dental implants. Despite their good corrosion resistance, titanium dental implants still can be corroded in saliva electrolytes over a wide pH range and acid in the oral environment. Surface modification is a solution that could be used to increase the corrosion resistance of titanium and its alloys. In this literature study, the effect of surface modification on titanium and titanium alloys dental implants to obtain ultra fine grain (UFG) and titanium nanocrystalline, as well as TiO2 nanotube on their corrosion behavior in an artificial saliva solution is reviewed. This literature study is carried out by analyzing information about the effect of titanium and its alloys nanostructure in an artificial saliva solutions from books, papers, or sources published in the last 10 years. To investigate the corrosion behavior of titanium and its alloys, including of icorr and Ecorr, data of Tafel extrapolation test result is collected from a variety of experiments in an artificial saliva solution. Then the obtained data are analyzed and selected. The results of this study show that surface modification of the titanium and titanium alloys dental implants to UFG, nanocrystalline titanium, or TiO2 nanotube material could improve corrosion resistance, which indicated by a decrease in icorr and an increase in Ecorr. The mechanism of increasing corrosion resistance in the modification of the grain size to UFG and nanocrystalline is influenced by the increase of grain boundaries numbers and the change of the plane orientation of titanium to close-packed. Meanwhile, the increase in corrosion resistance in the TiO2 nanotube is influenced by the increase of the thickness of TiO2 layer (the presence of inner and outer layer) and the deposition of phosphate deposits on the outer layer of TiO2. Further research opportunities of titanium nanocrystalline, could be a combination of Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) process with extrusion, drawing, etc. so that could produce CP Ti nanocrystalline in room temperature and maintain the same dimensions. While for the further research on TiO2 nanotube, could be investigation of influence of dimensions, investigation of mechanotransduction effects, investigation of drug or protein releasing rates, and long-term in vivo research with mechanical loading.