ANALYSIS METABOLITE PROFILE OF GARUT ARABICA COFFEE ROASTED BASED ON 1H NMR METABOLOMICS

• Main Author: Novadiana, Arie
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/55362
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Indonesia is the fourth-largest coffee producer in the world. One of the largest coffee-producing regions in Indonesia is West Java. Most of the coffee grown in West Java is arabica coffee, which is mainly cultivated in Bandung Regency and Garut Regency. However, chemical information on West Java arabica coffee is still very limited in the literature. In this study, Garut roasted arabica coffees obtained from 4 different regions, namely Cikuray, Kamojang, Papandayan, and Patrol, were analyzed by 1H NMR-based metabolomics. Green coffee bean samples were roasted, ground, extracted with D2O, and measured by NMR spectroscopy. The 1H NMR spectra were processed, analyzed and evaluated with multivariate data analysis using Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) as the main model. In total, 24 metabolites were identified in the 1H NMR spectra, including caffeine, trigonelline, chlorogenic acid, catechols, quinic acid, lactic acid, 5- hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and fatty acids. The concentrations of several identified metabolites were determined by the 1H NMR quantification technique. For example, Cikuray coffee has a higher lactic acid concentration than other coffee samples with the concentration of 7.06 mM. The PLSDA model score plot succesfully classified the metabolite profiles of roasted coffee samples based on their geographic origins. Cikuray coffee beared a greater resemblance to Kamojang coffee. Meanwhile, the metabolite profile of Papandayan coffee was more similar to that of Patrol coffee. Loading plot analysis showed that the signals belonging to fatty acids, lactic acid, catechols, 5-chlorogenic acid, 5-HMF, quinic acid, 3-arabinose, and 6-galactose, contributed to the classification of roasted coffee samples based on their geographic origins. The S-plot evaluation showed that fatty acids and lactic acid were important differentiating compounds for Cikuray coffee. Meanwhile, quinic acid was found as the distinguishing compound of Kamojang coffee from the other roasted coffee samples. In this study, the 1H NMR-based metabolomic method had succeeded in evaluating the metabolite profile of Garut arabica roasted coffee grown in different areas.