BIOSYNTHESIS OF ZNO NANOPARTICLE WITH PLANT EXTRACT AS CAPPING AGENT: LITERATURE REVIEW

• Main Author: Wijaya, Jason
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik (Rekayasa, enjinering dan kegiatan berkaitan)
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/55664
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Overuse of antibiotics creates a global health problem in the form of antibiotic resistance. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle is a type of metal oxide nanoparticle known to be a non-antibiotic resistance inducing antimicrobial compound that is generally considered as safe, non-reactive, and suitable to be applied in the medical and food industry sector. Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles can be carried out through three general methods: physical, chemical, and biological. Chemical and biological synthesis stand as two methods commonly used to synthesize antimicrobial ZnO nanoparticles and proven to be effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This review compares the performances of different types of ZnO synthesis methods to determine which methods display greater effectivity in inhibiting microbial growth. Comparison is done by compiling 81 literature with the category of ZnO nanoparticle synthesis using chemical and biological methods for antimicrobial application. Data taken from these literature are minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and particle size as main aspects for comparing antimicrobial performances of each synthesis method. Data will be plotted using box-plot diagram and bubble plot diagram to be further analyzed by Q-test to eliminate outlier, F-test to determine variance differences, and t-test to determine mean differences. The comparison results in the biological synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle displaying higher antimicrobial performance shown by lower MIC level and smaller nanoparticle size, compared to chemical synthesis method. Moreover, the biological synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle with plant extract also displays higher antimicrobial performance shown by smaller nanoparticle size than non-plant extract biosynthesis method. Potential plant extract for synthesizing high antimicrobial performance ZnO nanoparticle comes from extract which has a more complete set of phytochemicals and phenolic compounds as their dominant secondary metabolites. However, biosynthesis with plant extract displays similar antimicrobial performance to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with Gram-negative being slightly resistant.