CAPITAL-BASED URBANIZATION STUDY IN TOURISM AREA: A CASE STUDY OF MANDALIKA SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZ)

• Main Author: Rapudin, Armei
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/56391
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The tourism SEZ policy in Indonesia runs parallel to various tourism development policies such as the development of super priority tourist destinations and the National Tourism Strategic Area (NTSA). In its development, the construction of the Mandalika SEZ is one of the SEZs whose development is massive and accelerated. Contemporary studies on tourism are still lack in connecting it with the context of the urbanization phenomenon. In fact, the Mandalika SEZ development is also at risk of land acquisition, the risk of involvement of the surrounding community, and the risk of value change in the community. Therefore, there needs to be research from a critical perspective by focusing on the variables forming urbanization, namely capital. In a neoliberal perspective, the phenomenon of creative destruction can be a framework in exploring the urbanization process holistically. In the framework of creative destruction, there are several dimensions that can be used as a focus of study and targeted, namely from the institutional dimension and the dimension of spatial socio-economic transformation. This research uses a case study approach with mixed methods. From the point of view of creative destruction, this research found the capitalization process always has a changing way. Changes from the institutional dimension lead to dynamics at the micro level, namely socio-economic and spatial transformation. In the institutional dimension, various regulatory changes in the Mandalika were identified from the elements that formed neoliberals including privatization, financialization, and deregulation. At the micro level, with the SEZ policy in the end, it makes changes quickly and results jump in the creative destruction stage. Through the SEZ policy, investment trends always increase with the dominance of profit (private/investor) and promotional (government) motivational drivers. The government and SOEs have great power in realizing it. This changes the regional landscape from a production-based to a leisure/tourism landscape.