PRA RANCANGAN SISTEM BUDIDAYA TANAMAN SELADA (LACTUCA SATIVA L. VAR. GREAT ALISAN) YANG TERINTEGRASI TERNAK AYAM BROILER DENGAN PAKAN CAMPURAN BLACK SOLDIER FLY (BSF)

• Main Author: Dimas Erdo Kusuma, Muh
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/57132
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The fulfillment of food needs is a requirement for food security which consists of various aspects such as sufficient quantity, good quality, adequate nutrition, does not conflict with local religious and cultural norms, and is evenly distributed at affordable prices (Suryana, 2014). The increasing need for food production will continue to increase along with the increasing rate of population growth. Population growth in Indonesia is projected to reach 311.6-319.0 million in 2045. Population growth also affects the increase in vegetable consumption from 57.79 kg/capita/year in 2020 to 58.35 kg/capita/ year in 2024 (Food Security Agency, 2019). If these needs cannot be met, it will threaten the occurrence of food insecurity in various regions. According to Ariningsing and Rachman (2008), food insecurity is a condition of not achieving food security at the regional and household/individual levels. The Center for Food Availability and Insecurity of the Ministry of Agriculture noted that 100 districts out of 394 districts in Indonesia have the potential to experience food insecurity due to having high food needs but having problems related to the support of planting food crops or the low accessibility of the community to food. One of the ways in which food needs can be fulfilled is by fulfilling the needs of protein and vegetables. One source of protein that is in great demand by the people of Indonesia is broiler or broiler chicken. Consumption of broiler chickens per capita per year in 2020 reached 12.29 kilograms and is projected to increase to 13.09 kilograms in 2022. This is due to people's preferences and also the affordability of broiler chickens compared to other protein source commodities such as beef (BPPP Ministry of Trade, 2020) . One of the obstacles in broiler farming is the high cost of production for feed, which can take up about 60-70% of the total production cost of aquaculture (Anggitasari, 2016). The high cost of feed is caused by its constituent materials which are also consumed by humans, making the price of feed quite high (Veldkamp et al., 2012). The increasing demand for protein in the market, both for human consumption and animal feed, has also led to an increase in the price of feed ingredients (FAO, 2013). Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is one of the insects that has been widely studied as an alternative feed and bioconversion agent. From the aspect of content, the protein contained in BSF larvae can reach 40% to 40%. 50% as well as fat ranging from 29% s.d. 32% (Bosch et al., 2014). In addition, BSF has also been tested for safety from chemical contaminants so that it is relatively safe when used as an alternative feed (Charlton et al., 2015). BSF also has the added value of being able to convert organic waste including chicken manure which can pollute the environment into fertilizer products that have economic value (Li et al., 2011). During cultivation, chickens will produce waste in the form of manure. This chicken manure can then be managed as fertilizer by bioconversion agents such as BSF and used as a source of nutrients for crop cultivation, including vegetable crops. One of the vegetable crops that are in demand and have a high enough demand is lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Lettuce is generally consumed raw as a salad or salad, as well as mixed foods such as hamburgers and hot dogs. In addition, it can be used as a remedy for heartburn and improve digestion. The demand for lettuce in Indonesia is increasing along with the high public awareness of a healthy lifestyle. Lettuce has a high water content, a source of minerals, vitamin A, vitamin C, and is high in fiber (Ainina and Aini, 2018). Lettuce production in Indonesia increased by 1,565,787 kg in 2018 to 1,800,674 kg in 2019. However, the production has not been able to meet domestic lettuce needs, so lettuce is imported. The number of lettuce imports increased from 2018 to 2019 by 48,085 kg in 2018 and 58,111 kg in 2019 (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2019). Therefore, efforts are needed to increase the production of existing cells so that their needs are met. The pre-design of the system produced four products in the form of broiler chickens, lettuce, organic fertilizer processed by BSF, and compost with a production capacity of 86400 heads for broiler chickens, 14572,003 kilograms of lettuce, 266436 kilograms of cashew fertilizer, and 509.25 kilograms of compost fertilizer. Harvesting was done every week for broilers and lettuce with a cultivation range of four weeks for broilers and five weeks for lettuce. 0.6 hectares of land are used, with details of 0.375 hectares used as lettuce cultivation land, 0.125 hectares as broiler farming land, and 0.1 hectares used as supporting facilities in the form of nursery, offices, parking lots, warehouses, sewage treatment houses, reservoirs, irrigation lines, toilets, and other purposes. Production activities are divided into two main raw materials, namely broiler chicken and lettuce. Livestock waste in the form of broiler chicken manure was converted using instar 1 black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. The conversion result in the form of organic fertilizer processed by BSF is used as fertilizer for lettuce cultivation and the excess results can be sold. The biomass yield in the form of 5th instar BSF larvae was used as a feed mixture for broiler chicken cultivation in the next planting period. In lettuce cultivation, there is waste in the form of shoot and root waste which is then composted. The compost is then packaged and used as a by-product. An investment fee of Rp.2,051,221,674,5 is required which is sourced from the company owner's funds. The selling price of each product is set at Rp2000/head for broilers, Rp6000/kg for lettuce, Rp10000/kg for organic fertilizer processed by BSF, and Rp3000/kg for compost. With the total price that has been determined, it is projected to get a total income of IDR 4,481,319,768 per year. Each product will provide benefits for the company if the product sold is above the projected Break Even Point (BEP) of 32,407 heads or Rp. 648.130,209.64 per year for broiler chickens, 2,342.26 kilograms or Rp. 14,053,572.32. per year for lettuce, 141.02 kilograms or IDR 423,053.40 per year for compost, and 45,301.76 kilograms or IDR 453,017,628.83 per year for organic fertilizer processed by BSF. Financial analysis shows that the Payback Period (PP) can be achieved after the business has been running for 2 years 3 months and 8 days, the Net Present Value (NPV) is Rp6.135.973.279, IRR is 84,025%, and the B/C ratio is 3,99. Based on the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that the pre-design of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Var. Great Alisan which is integrated with broiler chickens with mixed feed of black soldier fly (BSF) is feasible to run.