BIOLOGICAL, TECHNICAL, AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY STUDY OF BIOFLOC AND RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM (RAS) FOR NILE TILAPIA CULTURE (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS)

• Main Author: Fitri, Annisa
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/57472
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The aquaculture industry currently should consider Sustainable Development Goals in its operation. Application of aquaculture technology using a closed system is one of the approach in building sustainable food security in the fisheries sector with consideration of economic, social, and environmental aspects. Closed aquaculture cultivation technologies that are currently being widely used in the aquaculture industry are the biofloc system and the RAS (Recirculating Aquaculture System) system. Each of these cultivation systems have advantages and disadvantages in their application, hence a feasibility analysis on biological, technical, and financial is needed to be conducted for their application in aquaculture industry such as tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivation. This research was carried out on a prototype scale cultivation according to the following stages: (1) Preparation of biofloc and RAS cultivation systems in prototype scale, (2) Projection of production scale of 1000 kg/cycle, 5000 kg/cycle, and 10000 kg/cycle for both systems, and (3) analysis of biological, technical, and financial feasibility. For the preparation of research on the biofloc system, the prototype scales include: (a) preparation of culture tanks, (b) preparation of nitrifying bacteria, (c) acclimatization and stocking of fish, and (d) implementation of tilapia cultivation. For the preparation of research on the RAS system, the research stages include: (a) Preparation of the RAS system and system sterilization (b) preparation of the biofilter tank, (c) acclimatization and stocking of fish, and (d) implementation of tilapia cultivation. Measurement of water quality and feeding was carried out during the 60 day culture period. The results showed that the cultivation performance in the biofloc system: average daily growth was 0.833 ± 0.279 gr/day, feed conversion ratio was 2,95 ± 1.32, specific growth rate was 5.68 ± 0.67%, and survival rate was 83.33 ± 8,66 %. Meanwhile, the RAS system has average daily growth was 1.08 ± 1,37 gr/day, feed conversion ratio was 1.15 ± 0.52, specific growth rate was 7.37 ± 0.22%, and survival rate was 82.22 ± 6,11%. For the results of water quality parameters, in the biofloc system, the pH values ranged from 6.58-7.52, DO : 6.23-8.93 mg/L, temperature : 24.72-29.3, NH4 + : 0.24 - 5.25 mg/L, NO2 - : 0.1-10 mg/ L, and NO3 - : 0-100 mg/L. Meanwhile in the RAS system, the pH values ranged from 6.40-8.29, DO: 4.40-9.08 mg/L, temperature: 24.77-26.80, NH4 +: 0.20-1.53 mg/L, NO2 - : 0.2-1.53mg/L, and NO3 - : 35-100 mg/L. Based on the results of the technical feasibility analysis, it was found that the biofloc system and the RAS system were feasible to be applied in several areas in West Java, such as in Cianjur Regency, Sukabumi Regency, and Purwakarta Regency based on the suitability of several criteria including biophysical criteria such as land topography, hydrological conditions, economic criteria, socio-political aspects include the existence of consumer markets in Jakarta and Bandung, close to BBPAT Sukabumi as a research and technology center, West Java, as well as certification from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries in the form of Good Cultivation Methods (CBIB) for tilapia cultivation in West Java, based on simulated production scales of 1000 kg/cycle, 5000 kg/cycle, and 10000 kg/cycle for a 110 day culture period to meet market needs. The limitations of the biofloc system are the need for skilled and highly committed technicians to manage this system, farmers who still carry out conventional cultivation that use large amounts of water, and there are still many farmers who have not registered for certification. The limitations of the RAS system include the need for technicians who understand the running of the system and are highly committed to managing this system, the difficulty of managing one component in the system, inefficient electricity consumption, and the lack of RAS design at the planning stage. For feasibility analysis, the biofloc and RAS systems on a production scale of 5000 kg/cycle and 10000 kg/cycle have payback period, NVP, B/C ratio, and IRR values of 1 year 9 months, 480.117.450, 3,49, and 42%. For a biofloc system with a production scale of 10000 kg/cycle, the payback period, NVP, B/C ratio, and IRR values are 1 year 3 months, 1.310.896.410, 4,73, and 61%. Meanwhile, the RAS system with a production scale of 5000 kg/cycle has a payback period, NVP, B/C ratio, and an IRR of 2 years, 595,294,526.37, 3.16, and 37%. for the RAS system with a production scale of 10000 kg/cycle, the payback period, NVP, B/C ratio and IRR values are 1 year 4 months, 1,526,936,268,15, 4.79, and 62%. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the use of biofloc and RAS systems is feasible biologically, technically, and financially on a scale of 5000 kg/cycle and 10000 kg/cycle.