URINE CHROMIUM LEVEL AS INDICATOR DERMAL PATHWAY EXPOSURE IN ELECTROPLATING WORKERS (CASE STUDY X AND Y INDUSTRIES IN WEST JAVA)

• Main Author: Permadi, Yanti
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/57737
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Chromium is one of the heavy metals which can expose human with many pathway. One of the pathway is dermal. Chromium on dermal can make ulceration and chromium hole. Beside that, chromium on dermal can cause irritation, alergic reaction, hiperpigmentation and dermal mitochondria cell apoptosis. Chromium with dermal pathway exposure can be excreted fourteen days after first eksposure. Many of chromium is used in electroplating industries for shiny metal and preventing rust. X and Y industries are company which using chromium as their chemical on electroplating process. Because of that, relation between chromium dermal exposure and urine chromium level in X and Y industries worker must be do. Purpose on this research are to know chromium exposure with dermal pathway in X and Y plating worker industries, urine chromium level in X and Y plating worker industries, relation between chromium dermal pathway and urine chromium level in X and Y plating worker industries and the factors that can influence the chromium concentration of exposure to the dermal pathway to the chromium concentration in urine . The method that used is an analytical observational epidemiological study of a cross sectional model. This study used to measure dependent and independent variable at the same time. Measurement of chromium concentration in urine using Graphite Furnance Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) according to NIOSH method number 8310 issue 2 (1994). Urine samples were taken at the end of the shift which were then analyzed for creatinine concentrations. Dermal chromium exposure was carried out using wipes made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) according to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) method number W-4001.Additionally step is the extracted PVC was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Interviews were conducted to determinng the characteristics of workers. The test results showed that the average chromium concentration of dermal exposure before work was 0.084 ± 0.13 g/cm2 and after work was 0.686 ± 0.14 g/cm2. The results of the Wilcoxon p value of 0.001 showed <0.05 so there was a difference concentration of chromium in dermal exposure before and after work. For working process (automatic and manual) the results of man- whitney test p value 0,002 showed <0,05 so there was a difference concentration chromium dermal between automatic and manual. Environmental parameters of temperature and humidity had an influence on the concentration of chromium on dermal exposure because they had R2 values of 0.482 and 0.396. The concentration of chromium exposure to the dermal route at work there were seventeen workers who had a value above the reference value of 0.3 g/cm2. The average concentration of chromium in urine workers was 13.06 ± 2.31 g/g urine creatinine. There were eleven workers whose urine chromium concentration values exceeded the BEI, which was 10 g/g urine creatinine. Based on the results of the linear regression test with a 95% confidence level, it showed that there was no effect between the chromium concentration of skin pathway exposure to the chromium concentration in the urine because the p value was 0.990 and R2 was 0.00001. The results of logistic regression analysis on the factors that can affect the chromium concentration of skin exposure to the concentration of chromium in the urine, the practice of compliance with the use of PPE and the level of knowledge of the respondents an Odds Ratio value of 23,873 and 19,980.