EVALUATION OF NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY (NRE) SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA TO FULFIL NDC TARGETS

• Main Author: Arrafisena, Farijzal
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Perencanaan wilayah
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/58005
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Climate change risk is responsible for increasing intensity, vulnerability, and exposure to hydro-meteorological disasters. Meanwhile, the current climate change phenomenon cannot separate from the increase in GHG emissions, and Indonesia is no exception. Since 1990, Indonesia's GHG emissions have increased and reached the highest number of 581 MtCO2 in 2019. The government of Indonesia itself has become aware of these climate issues by setting the NDC target to reduce GHG emissions by 29-41% in 2030. With the NRE sector being one of one such mitigation options in the energy sector. NRE is one of the best climate change mitigation options at this time. NRE has greats potential to replace fossil energy as a contributor to GHG emissions and contributed to social and economic development, access to energy, secure energy supply, and reduce negative impacts on the environment and health. However, from the various NRE potential available in Indonesia, Indonesia's NRE utilization is only 2% of the existing potential. So that with the current economic conditions that are experiencing recovery due to the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as climate commitments through the NDC target, the development of available NRE resources should be the attention of the Indonesian government. For this reason, the Government of Indonesia currently requires a strategic plan for sustainable NRE development. Thus, this study aims to evaluate various developments of NRE resources in Indonesia today to fulfill the NDC target. As such, it is the first step in formulating a strategic plan for NRE development. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, with a qualitative approach are used to capture phenomena in the development of NRE in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the quantitative assigns a value to each factor or the potential for existing NRE development. The research data was collected using in-depth interviews, desk study, and questionnaire methods.iv Selected resource persons use the purposive sampling method, which means determining the key informants who are considered competent or mastered related to the topic of NRE development. The analysis of data processing consists of content analysis and descriptive. While the analytical method used is the SWOT and AHP methods. This concept to evaluate the development of NRE utilization in several countries has also been carried out by several researchers (Chen et al., 2014; Kamran et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020; Ervural et al., 2018). With SWOT method is used to identify internal and external factors that influence the development of each NRE potential and the formulation of alternative strategies in the future. Meanwhile, the AHP method is used to formulate a decision making based on the consideration of various criteria. By giving priority weight to the internal and external factors of each NRE potential (generated through the SWOT method), these factors later will be taken into consideration to determine the main factors that affect the development of NRE and what are the most significant NRE resources to be developed in Indonesia. Analysis shows that the factors that influence the development of NRE in Indonesia cannot separate from the energy trilemma component that occurs. With socio-political factors being the main thing to consider and evaluate whether the socio-political conditions are adequate to install and implement NRE power plant projects in Indonesia. Policy and regulatory support from the government is a significant factor that must be considered properly. Meanwhile, the current potential for geothermal energy can be the best to develop because having a large enough resource potential. The development of PLTP currently receives several incentives and regulatory support, such as through the National Energy Grand Strategy, the stipulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 4 of 2020, and the ease of licensing mechanisms. Alternative strategies in this study are formulated based on the factors and alternatives in NRE development in Indonesia to fulfill the NDC target. Such as by reinforcing commitments, policies, regulations from the government in supporting or encouraging the development of NRE in Indonesia. In addition to seeking a better investment climate for the NRE development. Also, a strategy to involve more parties from local governments, the private sector, the community, and the community to develop NRE. So, the development of NRE in Indonesia, especially geothermal energy as a potential NRE with leading prospects, needs to be the main focus to pursue the NDC target that is still far from ideal.