DECONTAMINATION OF MACROALGAE FROM HEAVY METAL POLLUTANT AS RAW MATERIAL FOR ALGAE FLOUR
Until now, human activities and industry have leaded to several waters in Indonesia, especially those that can disrupt ecosystems and organisms in the environment. The ability to adsorb heavy metals by macroalgae in polluted waters can contaminate these algae. In fact, macroalgae can be used as food...
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| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
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| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/59631 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | Until now, human activities and industry have leaded to several waters in Indonesia, especially those that can disrupt ecosystems and organisms in the environment. The ability to adsorb heavy metals by macroalgae in polluted waters can contaminate these algae. In fact, macroalgae can be used as food with high dietary fiber content. Therefore, in this research, the desorption process of heavy metals from macroalgae was carried out so that it could be used as raw material for algae flour. The aim of this study is to decontaminate macroalgae (Eucheuma sp., Gracilaria sp., Sargassum sp., and Ulva sp.) from heavy metal pollutants so that the algae flour is safe and meets SNI standards.
The raw materials of macroalgae come from the Kepulauan Seribu (Eucheuma sp. and Sargassum sp.) and from Sayang Heulang coastal area (Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp.). In producing of algae flour, wet macroalgae is soaked in solution of EDTA or Na2CO3 (24–51 hours) before being dried and grinded. Moisture contents of the algae Eucheuma sp., Gracilaria sp., Sargassum sp., and Ulva sp. are 89.05 ± 2.81%; 88.38 ± 0.53%; 84.43 ± 1.91%, and 88.66 ± 0.46%, respectively. Meanwhile, the moisture content of all algal flour products was less than 14.5% for up to 23 weeks. Based on the fineness test with a mesh sieve No.
70, 99% of Ulva flour and 95% of Sargassum flour passed. The viscosity of Eucheuma, Gracilaria, and Ulva flours increased after heating at 80–90oC for 1 hour.
Soaking Eucheuma sp. in EDTA solution was able to reduce heavy metal contents by 100% Cu, 60% Fe, 100% Mn, 63% Pb, and 87% Zn. In addition, in Gracilaria there was a decrease of 36% Cu, 52% Fe, 96% Mn, 75% Pb, and 94% Zn. Meanwhile, the heavy metal content also declined in Sargassum and Ulva in the amount of 39 and 50% Cu, 96 and 66% Mn, and 94 and 96% Zn, respectively. This proves that the treatment with EDTA is able to reduce the price of heavy metals in macroalgae. Algae flour solution treated with EDTA decreased viscosity, from 5.336 ± 0.0233 mPa.s to 0.998 ± 0.0099 mPa.s in Eucheuma flour and until 6.849 ± 3.1897 mPa.s in Gracilaria flour. The same results happened to algae flour treated with Na2CO3, such as Gracilaria flour (to 4.618 mPa.s) and Ulva flour (from 2.599 ± 0.1646 mPa.s to 2.225 ± 0.2829 mPa.s). Protein levels in
Gracilaria decreased by 6% when using EDTA and 82% when using Na2CO3. Meanwhile, in Ulva there was a decrease in protein content of 61% when treated with Na2CO3. These results indicated that EDTA and Na2CO3 are thought to be able to reduce metal content in macroalgae by the two chelating agents forming complex compounds with metal ions previously bound to polysaccharides that make up the algal cell wall or to metalloproteins. At the same time, the interaction between metal ion and polysaccharide or metalloprotein is broken.
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