ANALYSIS OF POWER PLANT AND SEA WATER PURIFICATION USING HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS REACTOR IN SOME REGIONS IN INDONESIA

• Main Author: Innaya, Nazla
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/60603
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Indonesia, a country with a large area and large population, has access to basic infrastructures such as clean water, electricity, and sanitation in districts and cities is unequal. In 2016, the average availability of access to electricity had reached 83.75 percent, and clean water has reached 49 percent of the total population in the district/city concerned. In general, increasing access to basic infrastructure is needed to improve the economic and social performance of regencies/cities in Indonesia. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency, until 2018, there were around 2,281 villages that did not have access to electricity at all. Most of these villages are located in eastern Indonesia, parts of Kalimantan and Sulawesi. In this case, PLN also has limitations in reaching remote and isolated areas. Based on 2019 Electricity Statistics data and 2017 PLN electricity prices, at least 6 regions with low electrification rates and high electricity prices, namely Ambon, Raja Ampat, Toli-Toli, Bau-Bau, Ketapang, and Kapuas. Where the price of PLN electricity per 1 kWh to be paid by the people of Ambon and Raja Ampat is IDR 2,677, Toli-Toli is IDR 2,255, Bau-Bau is IDR 2,169, Ketapang is IDR 1,692, and Kapuas is IDR 1,149. Meanwhile, PLN electricity per 1 kWh in other areas such as West Java is only Rp. 911. In this study, I will compare several alternative sources of power to solve clean water and electricity. Comparison of various power sources is calculated using software called DEEP5.1 With various sources of power, namely nuclear power plants (PLTN) and fossils fuel power plants, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. For water desalination in Ambon, Bau-Bau, Toli-Toli, Ketapang, and Kapuas areas, a gas cycle nuclear fuel power plant (NGC) with Multi-Effect Desalination (MED) thermal distillation/ desalination can be applied, with each price per 1 m3 (cubic) produced sequentially are Rp. 10,895.25, Rp. 11,468.68, Rp. 11,468, Rp. 10,608.53, and Rp. 10,751.89. As for the Ambon area, various nuclear fuel power plants can be applied with any distillation because the price is lower than the price of water in Maluku, which is around Rp. 24,000, and for the Raja Ampat area, a gas cycle nuclear power plant (NGC) with MED distillation can be applied, Rp. .476.68 per 1 m3. In fossil fuel power plants, it is found for all regions, the lowest price of electricity with gas fuel per kWh is around Rp. 1,255,8, coal fuel with a heat cycle is around Rp. 261,8 while the steam cycle is around Rp. 1164.8, and cycle fuel oil heat is around IDR 1201.2 while the steam cycle is around IDR 3,301.2. While the nuclear fuel for the heat cycle is around Rp. 268.8, and the gas cycle is Rp. 904.4. Where the heat cycle is not relevant applied in everyday life. The study results concluded that the most profitable is when using nuclear fuel, in this case, is the High-Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR). Then, the HTGR design is arranged so that it adapts to the area's conditions but still meets the availability of clean water and the volume of electricity capacity needed every day in the area in question. In the study, from the six regions where for calculated electricity and water requirements, only one area would be selected as the required reactor design calculation as an example. The HTGR design, in this case, will use other tools in the form of SRAC. Furthermore, in the preparation of the reactor fuel core, the enrichment value is given in the range of 9.9 – 17% to maintain the state of the reactor to keep it alive or have a k-eff value above one. From the reactor design, it is found that the reactor can run well for approximately 1.5 years.