KAJIAN PUSTAKA KEAMANAN, PENGGUNAAN DAN PENILAIAN GENETIK OBAT GOLONGAN ACEI DAN ARB DALAM PENGOBATAN PASIEN COVID-19 DENGAN KOMORBID PENYAKIT HIPERTENSII

• Main Author: Swajaya, Madeline
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/61902
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by infection with a new type of coronavirus, namely SARS-CoV-2. This virus can infect through its interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The ACE2 receptor is one of the important components in the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS) so that the exploitation of the receptor by the SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause dysregulation in the RAAS system. In an effort to overcome this, various treatment regimens have been applied to overcome this pandemic. One of them is the use of drugs that inhibit the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, namely the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). ACEi drugs work by inhibiting the ACE enzyme, while ARBs inhibit the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). These drugs are often given to individuals with cardiovascular comorbidities who are at a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19 infection. In treatment using ACEi and ARB, various clinical responses were obtained in its usage. This may be due to the presence of genetic polymorphisms in the treatment target gene. The literature review was carried out by evaluating the use and safety of ACEi or ARB drugs. In addition, genetic assessment of the ACE and AT1R genes that interact directly with ACEi and ARB drugs was also carried out. The results of the study show that the use of ACEI/ARB class drugs provides better clinical outcomes and does not affect the susceptibility of testing positive for COVID-19. Discontinuation of these drugs may lead to an increased risk of mortality in patients with comorbidity. The presence of genetic polymorphisms also causes drug interactions with genes that can affect the efficacy and safety of drugs.